Potential Antioxidative Components in <i>Azadirachta indica</i> Revealed by Bio-Affinity Ultrafiltration with SOD and XOD
<i>Azadirachta indica</i> (<i>A. indica</i>) has been widely used due to its diverse pharmacological activities. However, there are currently few studies on its responsible antioxidant ingredients against superoxide dismutase (SOD) and xanthine oxidase (XOD). In this study, t...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/4/658 |
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| author | Min-Xia Fan Gui-Lin Chen Ming-Quan Guo |
| author_facet | Min-Xia Fan Gui-Lin Chen Ming-Quan Guo |
| author_sort | Min-Xia Fan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Azadirachta indica</i> (<i>A. indica</i>) has been widely used due to its diverse pharmacological activities. However, there are currently few studies on its responsible antioxidant ingredients against superoxide dismutase (SOD) and xanthine oxidase (XOD). In this study, the antioxidant activities of <i>A. indica</i> were evaluated by a 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethyl-benzthiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid) and ferric-ion-reducing antioxidant power method. Meanwhile, total polyphenol and flavonoid content were determined to reveal that they were the highest in ethyl acetate (EA) fraction. Next, compounds with the most antioxidant activity were screened out from EA fraction by bio-affinity ultrafiltration liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (UF-LC-MS) with SOD and XOD. As a result, gallic acid, protocatechuic acid and (−)-epicatechin were identified as potential SOD ligands with relative binding affinity (RBA) values of 2.15, 1.78 and 1.61, respectively. Additionally, these three ligands could effectively interact with SOD in molecular docking with binding energies (BEs) ranging from −3.84 ± 0.37 to −5.04 ± 0.01 kcal/mol. In addition, carnosic acid exhibited a strong binding affinity to XOD with an RBA value of 2.05 and BE value of −8.24 ± 0.71 kcal/mol. In conclusion, these results indicated that <i>A. indica</i> might have good antioxidant activity and antigout potential, and the UF-LC-MS method is suitable and efficient for screening both SOD and XOD ligands from <i>A. indica</i>. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:14:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0825fe0a62cb4ed7963f2b12c6f06bae |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:14:34Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj.art-0825fe0a62cb4ed7963f2b12c6f06bae2023-12-01T00:34:30ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212022-03-0111465810.3390/antiox11040658Potential Antioxidative Components in <i>Azadirachta indica</i> Revealed by Bio-Affinity Ultrafiltration with SOD and XODMin-Xia Fan0Gui-Lin Chen1Ming-Quan Guo2Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, ChinaKey Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, ChinaKey Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China<i>Azadirachta indica</i> (<i>A. indica</i>) has been widely used due to its diverse pharmacological activities. However, there are currently few studies on its responsible antioxidant ingredients against superoxide dismutase (SOD) and xanthine oxidase (XOD). In this study, the antioxidant activities of <i>A. indica</i> were evaluated by a 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethyl-benzthiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid) and ferric-ion-reducing antioxidant power method. Meanwhile, total polyphenol and flavonoid content were determined to reveal that they were the highest in ethyl acetate (EA) fraction. Next, compounds with the most antioxidant activity were screened out from EA fraction by bio-affinity ultrafiltration liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (UF-LC-MS) with SOD and XOD. As a result, gallic acid, protocatechuic acid and (−)-epicatechin were identified as potential SOD ligands with relative binding affinity (RBA) values of 2.15, 1.78 and 1.61, respectively. Additionally, these three ligands could effectively interact with SOD in molecular docking with binding energies (BEs) ranging from −3.84 ± 0.37 to −5.04 ± 0.01 kcal/mol. In addition, carnosic acid exhibited a strong binding affinity to XOD with an RBA value of 2.05 and BE value of −8.24 ± 0.71 kcal/mol. In conclusion, these results indicated that <i>A. indica</i> might have good antioxidant activity and antigout potential, and the UF-LC-MS method is suitable and efficient for screening both SOD and XOD ligands from <i>A. indica</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/4/658<i>Azadirachta indica</i>ultrafiltration liquid chromatographymass spectrometryantioxidationsuperoxide dismutasexanthine oxidase |
| spellingShingle | Min-Xia Fan Gui-Lin Chen Ming-Quan Guo Potential Antioxidative Components in <i>Azadirachta indica</i> Revealed by Bio-Affinity Ultrafiltration with SOD and XOD Antioxidants <i>Azadirachta indica</i> ultrafiltration liquid chromatography mass spectrometry antioxidation superoxide dismutase xanthine oxidase |
| title | Potential Antioxidative Components in <i>Azadirachta indica</i> Revealed by Bio-Affinity Ultrafiltration with SOD and XOD |
| title_full | Potential Antioxidative Components in <i>Azadirachta indica</i> Revealed by Bio-Affinity Ultrafiltration with SOD and XOD |
| title_fullStr | Potential Antioxidative Components in <i>Azadirachta indica</i> Revealed by Bio-Affinity Ultrafiltration with SOD and XOD |
| title_full_unstemmed | Potential Antioxidative Components in <i>Azadirachta indica</i> Revealed by Bio-Affinity Ultrafiltration with SOD and XOD |
| title_short | Potential Antioxidative Components in <i>Azadirachta indica</i> Revealed by Bio-Affinity Ultrafiltration with SOD and XOD |
| title_sort | potential antioxidative components in i azadirachta indica i revealed by bio affinity ultrafiltration with sod and xod |
| topic | <i>Azadirachta indica</i> ultrafiltration liquid chromatography mass spectrometry antioxidation superoxide dismutase xanthine oxidase |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/4/658 |
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