Novel deep learning hybrid models (CNN-GRU and DLDL-RF) for the susceptibility classification of dust sources in the Middle East: a global source
Abstract Dust storms have many negative consequences, and affect all kinds of ecosystems, as well as climate and weather conditions. Therefore, classification of dust storm sources into different susceptibility categories can help us mitigate its negative effects. This study aimed to classify the su...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-24036-5 |
| _version_ | 1811180277141078016 |
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| author | Hamid Gholami Aliakbar Mohammadifar |
| author_facet | Hamid Gholami Aliakbar Mohammadifar |
| author_sort | Hamid Gholami |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Dust storms have many negative consequences, and affect all kinds of ecosystems, as well as climate and weather conditions. Therefore, classification of dust storm sources into different susceptibility categories can help us mitigate its negative effects. This study aimed to classify the susceptibility of dust sources in the Middle East (ME) by developing two novel deep learning (DL) hybrid models based on the convolutional neural network–gated recurrent unit (CNN-GRU) model, and the dense layer deep learning–random forest (DLDL-RF) model. The Dragonfly algorithm (DA) was used to identify the critical features controlling dust sources. Game theory was used for the interpretability of the DL model’s output. Predictive DL models were constructed by dividing datasets randomly into train (70%) and test (30%) groups, six statistical indicators being then applied to assess the DL hybrid model performance for both datasets (train and test). Among 13 potential features (or variables) controlling dust sources, seven variables were selected as important and six as non-important by DA, respectively. Based on the DLDL-RF hybrid model – a model with higher accuracy in comparison with CNN-GRU–23.1, 22.8, and 22.2% of the study area were classified as being of very low, low and moderate susceptibility, whereas 20.2 and 11.7% of the area were classified as representing high and very high susceptibility classes, respectively. Among seven important features selected by DA, clay content, silt content, and precipitation were identified as the three most important by game theory through permutation values. Overall, DL hybrid models were found to be efficient methods for prediction purposes on large spatial scales with no or incomplete datasets from ground-based measurements. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T06:48:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-082e875070ea417a9c9bc182ab76aa0c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T06:48:40Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-082e875070ea417a9c9bc182ab76aa0c2022-12-22T04:39:17ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222022-11-0112111210.1038/s41598-022-24036-5Novel deep learning hybrid models (CNN-GRU and DLDL-RF) for the susceptibility classification of dust sources in the Middle East: a global sourceHamid Gholami0Aliakbar Mohammadifar1Department of Natural Resources Engineering, University of HormozganDepartment of Natural Resources Engineering, University of HormozganAbstract Dust storms have many negative consequences, and affect all kinds of ecosystems, as well as climate and weather conditions. Therefore, classification of dust storm sources into different susceptibility categories can help us mitigate its negative effects. This study aimed to classify the susceptibility of dust sources in the Middle East (ME) by developing two novel deep learning (DL) hybrid models based on the convolutional neural network–gated recurrent unit (CNN-GRU) model, and the dense layer deep learning–random forest (DLDL-RF) model. The Dragonfly algorithm (DA) was used to identify the critical features controlling dust sources. Game theory was used for the interpretability of the DL model’s output. Predictive DL models were constructed by dividing datasets randomly into train (70%) and test (30%) groups, six statistical indicators being then applied to assess the DL hybrid model performance for both datasets (train and test). Among 13 potential features (or variables) controlling dust sources, seven variables were selected as important and six as non-important by DA, respectively. Based on the DLDL-RF hybrid model – a model with higher accuracy in comparison with CNN-GRU–23.1, 22.8, and 22.2% of the study area were classified as being of very low, low and moderate susceptibility, whereas 20.2 and 11.7% of the area were classified as representing high and very high susceptibility classes, respectively. Among seven important features selected by DA, clay content, silt content, and precipitation were identified as the three most important by game theory through permutation values. Overall, DL hybrid models were found to be efficient methods for prediction purposes on large spatial scales with no or incomplete datasets from ground-based measurements.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-24036-5 |
| spellingShingle | Hamid Gholami Aliakbar Mohammadifar Novel deep learning hybrid models (CNN-GRU and DLDL-RF) for the susceptibility classification of dust sources in the Middle East: a global source Scientific Reports |
| title | Novel deep learning hybrid models (CNN-GRU and DLDL-RF) for the susceptibility classification of dust sources in the Middle East: a global source |
| title_full | Novel deep learning hybrid models (CNN-GRU and DLDL-RF) for the susceptibility classification of dust sources in the Middle East: a global source |
| title_fullStr | Novel deep learning hybrid models (CNN-GRU and DLDL-RF) for the susceptibility classification of dust sources in the Middle East: a global source |
| title_full_unstemmed | Novel deep learning hybrid models (CNN-GRU and DLDL-RF) for the susceptibility classification of dust sources in the Middle East: a global source |
| title_short | Novel deep learning hybrid models (CNN-GRU and DLDL-RF) for the susceptibility classification of dust sources in the Middle East: a global source |
| title_sort | novel deep learning hybrid models cnn gru and dldl rf for the susceptibility classification of dust sources in the middle east a global source |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-24036-5 |
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