Properties of Gd-Doped Sol-Gel Silica Glass Radioluminescence under Electron Beams
The radiation-induced emission (RIE) of Gd<sup>3+</sup>-doped sol–gel silica glass has been shown to have suitable properties for use in the dosimetry of beams of ionizing radiation in applications such as radiotherapy. Linear electron accelerators are commonly used as clinical radiother...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/23/9248 |
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| author | Daniel Söderström Oskari Timonen Heikki Kettunen Risto Kronholm Hicham El Hamzaoui Bruno Capoen Youcef Ouerdane Adriana Morana Arto Javanainen Géraud Bouwmans Mohamed Bouazaoui Sylvain Girard |
| author_facet | Daniel Söderström Oskari Timonen Heikki Kettunen Risto Kronholm Hicham El Hamzaoui Bruno Capoen Youcef Ouerdane Adriana Morana Arto Javanainen Géraud Bouwmans Mohamed Bouazaoui Sylvain Girard |
| author_sort | Daniel Söderström |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The radiation-induced emission (RIE) of Gd<sup>3+</sup>-doped sol–gel silica glass has been shown to have suitable properties for use in the dosimetry of beams of ionizing radiation in applications such as radiotherapy. Linear electron accelerators are commonly used as clinical radiotherapy beams, and in this paper, the RIE properties were investigated under electron irradiation. A monochromator setup was used to investigate the light properties in selected narrow wavelength regions, and a spectrometer setup was used to measure the optical emission spectra in various test configurations. The RIE output as a function of depth in acrylic was measured and compared with a reference dosimeter system for various electron energies, since the dose–depth measuring abilities of dosimeters in radiotherapy is of key interest. The intensity of the main radiation-induced luminescence (RIL) of the Gd<sup>3+</sup>-ions at 314 nm was found to well represent the dose as a function of depth, and was possible to separate from the Cherenkov light that was also induced in the measurement setup. After an initial suppression of the luminescence following the electron bunch, which is ascribed to a transient radiation-induced attenuation from self-trapped excitons (STEX), the 314 nm component was found to have a decay time of approximately 1.3 ms. An additional luminescence was also observed in the region 400 nm to 600 nm originating from the decay of the STEX centers, likely exhibiting an increasing luminescence with a dose history in the tested sample. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:32:29Z |
| format | Article |
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| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:32:29Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-083059e13cbf48638aa5a1df961c9fab2023-11-24T12:11:01ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202022-11-012223924810.3390/s22239248Properties of Gd-Doped Sol-Gel Silica Glass Radioluminescence under Electron BeamsDaniel Söderström0Oskari Timonen1Heikki Kettunen2Risto Kronholm3Hicham El Hamzaoui4Bruno Capoen5Youcef Ouerdane6Adriana Morana7Arto Javanainen8Géraud Bouwmans9Mohamed Bouazaoui10Sylvain Girard11Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Jyvaskyla, FI-40014 Jyvaskyla, FinlandAccelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Jyvaskyla, FI-40014 Jyvaskyla, FinlandAccelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Jyvaskyla, FI-40014 Jyvaskyla, FinlandAccelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Jyvaskyla, FI-40014 Jyvaskyla, FinlandUniv-Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523-PhLAM-Physique des Lasers Atomes et Molécules, 59000 Lille, FranceUniv-Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523-PhLAM-Physique des Lasers Atomes et Molécules, 59000 Lille, FranceUniv Lyon, Laboratoire H. Curien, UJM-CNRS-IOGS, 18 Rue du Pr. Benoît Lauras, 42000 Saint-Etienne, FranceUniv Lyon, Laboratoire H. Curien, UJM-CNRS-IOGS, 18 Rue du Pr. Benoît Lauras, 42000 Saint-Etienne, FranceAccelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Jyvaskyla, FI-40014 Jyvaskyla, FinlandUniv-Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523-PhLAM-Physique des Lasers Atomes et Molécules, 59000 Lille, FranceUniv-Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523-PhLAM-Physique des Lasers Atomes et Molécules, 59000 Lille, FranceUniv Lyon, Laboratoire H. Curien, UJM-CNRS-IOGS, 18 Rue du Pr. Benoît Lauras, 42000 Saint-Etienne, FranceThe radiation-induced emission (RIE) of Gd<sup>3+</sup>-doped sol–gel silica glass has been shown to have suitable properties for use in the dosimetry of beams of ionizing radiation in applications such as radiotherapy. Linear electron accelerators are commonly used as clinical radiotherapy beams, and in this paper, the RIE properties were investigated under electron irradiation. A monochromator setup was used to investigate the light properties in selected narrow wavelength regions, and a spectrometer setup was used to measure the optical emission spectra in various test configurations. The RIE output as a function of depth in acrylic was measured and compared with a reference dosimeter system for various electron energies, since the dose–depth measuring abilities of dosimeters in radiotherapy is of key interest. The intensity of the main radiation-induced luminescence (RIL) of the Gd<sup>3+</sup>-ions at 314 nm was found to well represent the dose as a function of depth, and was possible to separate from the Cherenkov light that was also induced in the measurement setup. After an initial suppression of the luminescence following the electron bunch, which is ascribed to a transient radiation-induced attenuation from self-trapped excitons (STEX), the 314 nm component was found to have a decay time of approximately 1.3 ms. An additional luminescence was also observed in the region 400 nm to 600 nm originating from the decay of the STEX centers, likely exhibiting an increasing luminescence with a dose history in the tested sample.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/23/9248dosimetryelectron acceleratoroptical fiberpoint dosimeterpulsed electron beamradiation-induced attenuation |
| spellingShingle | Daniel Söderström Oskari Timonen Heikki Kettunen Risto Kronholm Hicham El Hamzaoui Bruno Capoen Youcef Ouerdane Adriana Morana Arto Javanainen Géraud Bouwmans Mohamed Bouazaoui Sylvain Girard Properties of Gd-Doped Sol-Gel Silica Glass Radioluminescence under Electron Beams Sensors dosimetry electron accelerator optical fiber point dosimeter pulsed electron beam radiation-induced attenuation |
| title | Properties of Gd-Doped Sol-Gel Silica Glass Radioluminescence under Electron Beams |
| title_full | Properties of Gd-Doped Sol-Gel Silica Glass Radioluminescence under Electron Beams |
| title_fullStr | Properties of Gd-Doped Sol-Gel Silica Glass Radioluminescence under Electron Beams |
| title_full_unstemmed | Properties of Gd-Doped Sol-Gel Silica Glass Radioluminescence under Electron Beams |
| title_short | Properties of Gd-Doped Sol-Gel Silica Glass Radioluminescence under Electron Beams |
| title_sort | properties of gd doped sol gel silica glass radioluminescence under electron beams |
| topic | dosimetry electron accelerator optical fiber point dosimeter pulsed electron beam radiation-induced attenuation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/23/9248 |
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