The Sensitivity of Large Eddy Simulations to Grid Resolution in Tropical Cyclone High Wind Area Applications
The question of at what resolution the large eddy simulations (LESs) of a tropical cyclone (TC) high wind area may converge largely remains unanswered. To address this issue, LESs with five resolutions of 300 m, 100 m, 60 m, 33 m, and 20 m are performed in this study to simulate a high wind area nea...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/15/3785 |
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| author | Yi Jing Hong Wang Ping Zhu Yubin Li Lei Ye Lifeng Jiang Anting Wang |
| author_facet | Yi Jing Hong Wang Ping Zhu Yubin Li Lei Ye Lifeng Jiang Anting Wang |
| author_sort | Yi Jing |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The question of at what resolution the large eddy simulations (LESs) of a tropical cyclone (TC) high wind area may converge largely remains unanswered. To address this issue, LESs with five resolutions of 300 m, 100 m, 60 m, 33 m, and 20 m are performed in this study to simulate a high wind area near the radius of maximum wind of Typhoon Chanthu (2021) using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The results show that, for a limited area LES, model grid resolution may alter the local turbulence structure to generate significantly different extreme values of temperature, moisture, and winds, but it only has a marginal impact on the median values of these variables throughout the vertical column. All simulations are able to capture the turbulent roll vortices in the TC boundary layer, but the structure and intensity of the rolls vary substantially in different resolution simulations. Local hectometer-scale eddies with vertical velocities exceeding 10 m s<sup>−1</sup> are only observed in the 20 m resolution simulation but not in the coarser resolution simulations. The ratio of the resolved turbulent momentum fluxes and turbulent kinetic energies (TKEs) to the total momentum fluxes and TKEs appears to show some convergence of LESs when the grid resolution reaches 100 m or finer, suggesting that it is an acceptable grid resolution for LES applications in TC simulations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:17:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-08324b26d6e94bde9e9afe518557a5c8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:17:05Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-08324b26d6e94bde9e9afe518557a5c82023-11-18T23:30:47ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922023-07-011515378510.3390/rs15153785The Sensitivity of Large Eddy Simulations to Grid Resolution in Tropical Cyclone High Wind Area ApplicationsYi Jing0Hong Wang1Ping Zhu2Yubin Li3Lei Ye4Lifeng Jiang5Anting Wang6Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaSchool of Teacher Education, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaDepartment of Earth and Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USACollaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaSchool of Atmospheric Science and Remote Sensing, Wuxi University, Wuxi 214105, ChinaEcological Meteorology and Satellite Remote Sensing Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110166, ChinaThe question of at what resolution the large eddy simulations (LESs) of a tropical cyclone (TC) high wind area may converge largely remains unanswered. To address this issue, LESs with five resolutions of 300 m, 100 m, 60 m, 33 m, and 20 m are performed in this study to simulate a high wind area near the radius of maximum wind of Typhoon Chanthu (2021) using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The results show that, for a limited area LES, model grid resolution may alter the local turbulence structure to generate significantly different extreme values of temperature, moisture, and winds, but it only has a marginal impact on the median values of these variables throughout the vertical column. All simulations are able to capture the turbulent roll vortices in the TC boundary layer, but the structure and intensity of the rolls vary substantially in different resolution simulations. Local hectometer-scale eddies with vertical velocities exceeding 10 m s<sup>−1</sup> are only observed in the 20 m resolution simulation but not in the coarser resolution simulations. The ratio of the resolved turbulent momentum fluxes and turbulent kinetic energies (TKEs) to the total momentum fluxes and TKEs appears to show some convergence of LESs when the grid resolution reaches 100 m or finer, suggesting that it is an acceptable grid resolution for LES applications in TC simulations.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/15/3785large eddy simulationtropical cycloneresolutionspectrum analysis |
| spellingShingle | Yi Jing Hong Wang Ping Zhu Yubin Li Lei Ye Lifeng Jiang Anting Wang The Sensitivity of Large Eddy Simulations to Grid Resolution in Tropical Cyclone High Wind Area Applications Remote Sensing large eddy simulation tropical cyclone resolution spectrum analysis |
| title | The Sensitivity of Large Eddy Simulations to Grid Resolution in Tropical Cyclone High Wind Area Applications |
| title_full | The Sensitivity of Large Eddy Simulations to Grid Resolution in Tropical Cyclone High Wind Area Applications |
| title_fullStr | The Sensitivity of Large Eddy Simulations to Grid Resolution in Tropical Cyclone High Wind Area Applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Sensitivity of Large Eddy Simulations to Grid Resolution in Tropical Cyclone High Wind Area Applications |
| title_short | The Sensitivity of Large Eddy Simulations to Grid Resolution in Tropical Cyclone High Wind Area Applications |
| title_sort | sensitivity of large eddy simulations to grid resolution in tropical cyclone high wind area applications |
| topic | large eddy simulation tropical cyclone resolution spectrum analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/15/3785 |
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