Underestimated ammonia vehicular emissions in metropolitan city revealed by on-road mobile measurement

Atmospheric ammonia (NH _3 ) plays a significant role in the nitrogen cycle, and can have impacts on air quality, ecological balance and climate change. While NH _3 associated with natural and agricultural processes has long been considered the primary source, the contribution of combustion-related...

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Main Authors: Chuanqi Gu, Shanshan Wang, Jian Zhu, Wenhao Dai, Jiaqi Liu, Ruibin Xue, Xiang Che, Yanfen Lin, Yusen Duan, Mark O Wenig, Bin Zhou
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2023-01-01
Series:Environmental Research Letters
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/acf94a
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author Chuanqi Gu
Shanshan Wang
Jian Zhu
Wenhao Dai
Jiaqi Liu
Ruibin Xue
Xiang Che
Yanfen Lin
Yusen Duan
Mark O Wenig
Bin Zhou
author_facet Chuanqi Gu
Shanshan Wang
Jian Zhu
Wenhao Dai
Jiaqi Liu
Ruibin Xue
Xiang Che
Yanfen Lin
Yusen Duan
Mark O Wenig
Bin Zhou
author_sort Chuanqi Gu
collection DOAJ
description Atmospheric ammonia (NH _3 ) plays a significant role in the nitrogen cycle, and can have impacts on air quality, ecological balance and climate change. While NH _3 associated with natural and agricultural processes has long been considered the primary source, the contribution of combustion-related NH _3 , particularly from vehicular emissions, keeps on the rise. We found that high on-road NH _3 concentrations occurred in a metropolitan city based on mobile measurement, and inferred that urban vehicular NH _3 emission was likely underestimated in the past. NH _3 emission factors (EFs) were derived from ring roads and tunnels, showing levels 74% and 20% higher than the latest standard proposed by Euro VII, respectively. To quantify the underestimation, two methods based on car ownership and traffic flow were used to estimate the annual vehicular NH _3 emission in Shanghai as 2.59 and 1.76 Gg, respectively, substantially surpassing the predicted results by the Dynamic Projection model for Emissions in China. Given these discoveries, we recommend that it is urgent and imperative to establish relevant national standards and limits aiming at regulation on vehicular NH _3 emissions. And more representative EFs measurements should be adopted to improve the accuracy of inventory estimation.
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spelling doaj.art-083ac528d6ec4e75bc9529255ce581562023-10-03T14:21:07ZengIOP PublishingEnvironmental Research Letters1748-93262023-01-01181010404010.1088/1748-9326/acf94aUnderestimated ammonia vehicular emissions in metropolitan city revealed by on-road mobile measurementChuanqi Gu0Shanshan Wang1Jian Zhu2Wenhao Dai3Jiaqi Liu4Ruibin Xue5Xiang Che6Yanfen Lin7Yusen Duan8Mark O Wenig9Bin Zhou10Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University , Shanghai, People’s Republic of ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University , Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC) , No.20 Cuiniao Road, Shanghai, People’s Republic of ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University , Shanghai, People’s Republic of ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University , Shanghai, People’s Republic of ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University , Shanghai, People’s Republic of ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University , Shanghai, People’s Republic of ChinaShanghai Environmental Monitoring Centre , Shanghai, People’s Republic of ChinaShanghai Environmental Monitoring Centre , Shanghai, People’s Republic of ChinaShanghai Environmental Monitoring Centre , Shanghai, People’s Republic of ChinaMeteorological Institute, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) , Munich, GermanyShanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University , Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC) , No.20 Cuiniao Road, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; Zhuhai Fudan Innovation Institute , Zhuhai, People’s Republic of ChinaAtmospheric ammonia (NH _3 ) plays a significant role in the nitrogen cycle, and can have impacts on air quality, ecological balance and climate change. While NH _3 associated with natural and agricultural processes has long been considered the primary source, the contribution of combustion-related NH _3 , particularly from vehicular emissions, keeps on the rise. We found that high on-road NH _3 concentrations occurred in a metropolitan city based on mobile measurement, and inferred that urban vehicular NH _3 emission was likely underestimated in the past. NH _3 emission factors (EFs) were derived from ring roads and tunnels, showing levels 74% and 20% higher than the latest standard proposed by Euro VII, respectively. To quantify the underestimation, two methods based on car ownership and traffic flow were used to estimate the annual vehicular NH _3 emission in Shanghai as 2.59 and 1.76 Gg, respectively, substantially surpassing the predicted results by the Dynamic Projection model for Emissions in China. Given these discoveries, we recommend that it is urgent and imperative to establish relevant national standards and limits aiming at regulation on vehicular NH _3 emissions. And more representative EFs measurements should be adopted to improve the accuracy of inventory estimation.https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/acf94aammoniamobile measurementDOASemission factor
spellingShingle Chuanqi Gu
Shanshan Wang
Jian Zhu
Wenhao Dai
Jiaqi Liu
Ruibin Xue
Xiang Che
Yanfen Lin
Yusen Duan
Mark O Wenig
Bin Zhou
Underestimated ammonia vehicular emissions in metropolitan city revealed by on-road mobile measurement
Environmental Research Letters
ammonia
mobile measurement
DOAS
emission factor
title Underestimated ammonia vehicular emissions in metropolitan city revealed by on-road mobile measurement
title_full Underestimated ammonia vehicular emissions in metropolitan city revealed by on-road mobile measurement
title_fullStr Underestimated ammonia vehicular emissions in metropolitan city revealed by on-road mobile measurement
title_full_unstemmed Underestimated ammonia vehicular emissions in metropolitan city revealed by on-road mobile measurement
title_short Underestimated ammonia vehicular emissions in metropolitan city revealed by on-road mobile measurement
title_sort underestimated ammonia vehicular emissions in metropolitan city revealed by on road mobile measurement
topic ammonia
mobile measurement
DOAS
emission factor
url https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/acf94a
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