The Lung Microbiome: A New Frontier for Lung and Brain Disease
Due to the limitations of culture techniques, the lung in a healthy state is traditionally considered to be a sterile organ. With the development of non-culture-dependent techniques, the presence of low-biomass microbiomes in the lungs has been identified. The species of the lung microbiome are simi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/3/2170 |
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| author | Jiawen Chen Ting Li Chun Ye Jiasheng Zhong Jian-Dong Huang Yiquan Ke Haitao Sun |
| author_facet | Jiawen Chen Ting Li Chun Ye Jiasheng Zhong Jian-Dong Huang Yiquan Ke Haitao Sun |
| author_sort | Jiawen Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Due to the limitations of culture techniques, the lung in a healthy state is traditionally considered to be a sterile organ. With the development of non-culture-dependent techniques, the presence of low-biomass microbiomes in the lungs has been identified. The species of the lung microbiome are similar to those of the oral microbiome, suggesting that the microbiome is derived passively within the lungs from the oral cavity via micro-aspiration. Elimination, immigration, and relative growth within its communities all contribute to the composition of the lung microbiome. The lung microbiome is reportedly altered in many lung diseases that have not traditionally been considered infectious or microbial, and potential pathways of microbe–host crosstalk are emerging. Recent studies have shown that the lung microbiome also plays an important role in brain autoimmunity. There is a close relationship between the lungs and the brain, which can be called the lung–brain axis. However, the problem now is that it is not well understood how the lung microbiota plays a role in the disease—specifically, whether there is a causal connection between disease and the lung microbiome. The lung microbiome includes bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, and viruses. However, fungi and viruses have not been fully studied compared to bacteria in the lungs. In this review, we mainly discuss the role of the lung microbiome in chronic lung diseases and, in particular, we summarize the recent progress of the lung microbiome in multiple sclerosis, as well as the lung–brain axis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:41:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-083c38955e5c4cc2850a8f2104054408 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:41:28Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-083c38955e5c4cc2850a8f21040544082023-11-16T16:53:22ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-01-01243217010.3390/ijms24032170The Lung Microbiome: A New Frontier for Lung and Brain DiseaseJiawen Chen0Ting Li1Chun Ye2Jiasheng Zhong3Jian-Dong Huang4Yiquan Ke5Haitao Sun6Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, ChinaClinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, ChinaNeurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, ChinaNeurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, ChinaClinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, ChinaNeurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, ChinaClinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, ChinaDue to the limitations of culture techniques, the lung in a healthy state is traditionally considered to be a sterile organ. With the development of non-culture-dependent techniques, the presence of low-biomass microbiomes in the lungs has been identified. The species of the lung microbiome are similar to those of the oral microbiome, suggesting that the microbiome is derived passively within the lungs from the oral cavity via micro-aspiration. Elimination, immigration, and relative growth within its communities all contribute to the composition of the lung microbiome. The lung microbiome is reportedly altered in many lung diseases that have not traditionally been considered infectious or microbial, and potential pathways of microbe–host crosstalk are emerging. Recent studies have shown that the lung microbiome also plays an important role in brain autoimmunity. There is a close relationship between the lungs and the brain, which can be called the lung–brain axis. However, the problem now is that it is not well understood how the lung microbiota plays a role in the disease—specifically, whether there is a causal connection between disease and the lung microbiome. The lung microbiome includes bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, and viruses. However, fungi and viruses have not been fully studied compared to bacteria in the lungs. In this review, we mainly discuss the role of the lung microbiome in chronic lung diseases and, in particular, we summarize the recent progress of the lung microbiome in multiple sclerosis, as well as the lung–brain axis.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/3/2170lung microbiomechronic lung diseaseslung cancermultiple sclerosislung–brain axis |
| spellingShingle | Jiawen Chen Ting Li Chun Ye Jiasheng Zhong Jian-Dong Huang Yiquan Ke Haitao Sun The Lung Microbiome: A New Frontier for Lung and Brain Disease International Journal of Molecular Sciences lung microbiome chronic lung diseases lung cancer multiple sclerosis lung–brain axis |
| title | The Lung Microbiome: A New Frontier for Lung and Brain Disease |
| title_full | The Lung Microbiome: A New Frontier for Lung and Brain Disease |
| title_fullStr | The Lung Microbiome: A New Frontier for Lung and Brain Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Lung Microbiome: A New Frontier for Lung and Brain Disease |
| title_short | The Lung Microbiome: A New Frontier for Lung and Brain Disease |
| title_sort | lung microbiome a new frontier for lung and brain disease |
| topic | lung microbiome chronic lung diseases lung cancer multiple sclerosis lung–brain axis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/3/2170 |
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