Adaptations in equine appendicular muscle activity and movement occur during induced fore- and hindlimb lameness: An electromyographic and kinematic evaluation
The relationship between lameness-related adaptations in equine appendicular motion and muscle activation is poorly understood and has not been studied objectively. The aim of this study was to compare muscle activity of selected fore- and hindlimb muscles, and movement of the joints they act on, be...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2022.989522/full |
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| author | Lindsay B. St. George Tijn J. P. Spoormakers Ineke H. Smit Sarah Jane Hobbs Hilary M. Clayton Serge H. Roy Paul René van Weeren Jim Richards Filipe M. Serra Bragança |
| author_facet | Lindsay B. St. George Tijn J. P. Spoormakers Ineke H. Smit Sarah Jane Hobbs Hilary M. Clayton Serge H. Roy Paul René van Weeren Jim Richards Filipe M. Serra Bragança |
| author_sort | Lindsay B. St. George |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The relationship between lameness-related adaptations in equine appendicular motion and muscle activation is poorly understood and has not been studied objectively. The aim of this study was to compare muscle activity of selected fore- and hindlimb muscles, and movement of the joints they act on, between baseline and induced forelimb (iFL) and hindlimb (iHL) lameness. Three-dimensional kinematic data and surface electromyography (sEMG) data from the fore- (triceps brachii, latissimus dorsi) and hindlimbs (superficial gluteal, biceps femoris, semitendinosus) were bilaterally and synchronously collected from clinically non-lame horses (n = 8) trotting over-ground (baseline). Data collections were repeated during iFL and iHL conditions (2–3/5 AAEP), induced on separate days using a modified horseshoe. Motion asymmetry parameters and continuous joint and pro-retraction angles for each limb were calculated from kinematic data. Normalized average rectified value (ARV) and muscle activation onset, offset and activity duration were calculated from sEMG signals. Mixed model analysis and statistical parametric mapping, respectively, compared discrete and continuous variables between conditions (α= 0.05). Asymmetry parameters reflected the degree of iFL and iHL. Increased ARV occurred across muscles following iFL and iHL, except non-lame side forelimb muscles that significantly decreased following iFL. Significant, limb-specific changes in sEMG ARV, and activation timings reflected changes in joint angles and phasic shifts of the limb movement cycle following iFL and iHL. Muscular adaptations during iFL and iHL are detectable using sEMG and primarily involve increased bilateral activity and phasic activation shifts that reflect known compensatory movement patterns for reducing weightbearing on the lame limb. With further research and development, sEMG may provide a valuable diagnostic aid for quantifying the underlying neuromuscular adaptations to equine lameness, which are undetectable through human observation alone. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T17:46:09Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2297-1769 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T17:46:09Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-0851e7337b7142caa7829568e7f7df812022-12-22T04:11:21ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692022-11-01910.3389/fvets.2022.989522989522Adaptations in equine appendicular muscle activity and movement occur during induced fore- and hindlimb lameness: An electromyographic and kinematic evaluationLindsay B. St. George0Tijn J. P. Spoormakers1Ineke H. Smit2Sarah Jane Hobbs3Hilary M. Clayton4Serge H. Roy5Paul René van Weeren6Jim Richards7Filipe M. Serra Bragança8Research Centre for Applied Sport, Physical Activity and Performance, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United KingdomSection Equine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, NetherlandsSection Equine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, NetherlandsResearch Centre for Applied Sport, Physical Activity and Performance, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United KingdomDepartment of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United StatesDelsys/Altec Inc., Natick, MA, United StatesSection Equine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, NetherlandsAllied Health Research Unit, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United KingdomSection Equine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, NetherlandsThe relationship between lameness-related adaptations in equine appendicular motion and muscle activation is poorly understood and has not been studied objectively. The aim of this study was to compare muscle activity of selected fore- and hindlimb muscles, and movement of the joints they act on, between baseline and induced forelimb (iFL) and hindlimb (iHL) lameness. Three-dimensional kinematic data and surface electromyography (sEMG) data from the fore- (triceps brachii, latissimus dorsi) and hindlimbs (superficial gluteal, biceps femoris, semitendinosus) were bilaterally and synchronously collected from clinically non-lame horses (n = 8) trotting over-ground (baseline). Data collections were repeated during iFL and iHL conditions (2–3/5 AAEP), induced on separate days using a modified horseshoe. Motion asymmetry parameters and continuous joint and pro-retraction angles for each limb were calculated from kinematic data. Normalized average rectified value (ARV) and muscle activation onset, offset and activity duration were calculated from sEMG signals. Mixed model analysis and statistical parametric mapping, respectively, compared discrete and continuous variables between conditions (α= 0.05). Asymmetry parameters reflected the degree of iFL and iHL. Increased ARV occurred across muscles following iFL and iHL, except non-lame side forelimb muscles that significantly decreased following iFL. Significant, limb-specific changes in sEMG ARV, and activation timings reflected changes in joint angles and phasic shifts of the limb movement cycle following iFL and iHL. Muscular adaptations during iFL and iHL are detectable using sEMG and primarily involve increased bilateral activity and phasic activation shifts that reflect known compensatory movement patterns for reducing weightbearing on the lame limb. With further research and development, sEMG may provide a valuable diagnostic aid for quantifying the underlying neuromuscular adaptations to equine lameness, which are undetectable through human observation alone.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2022.989522/fullhorsesurface electromyographysEMGgait analysisbiomechanicslimb movement |
| spellingShingle | Lindsay B. St. George Tijn J. P. Spoormakers Ineke H. Smit Sarah Jane Hobbs Hilary M. Clayton Serge H. Roy Paul René van Weeren Jim Richards Filipe M. Serra Bragança Adaptations in equine appendicular muscle activity and movement occur during induced fore- and hindlimb lameness: An electromyographic and kinematic evaluation Frontiers in Veterinary Science horse surface electromyography sEMG gait analysis biomechanics limb movement |
| title | Adaptations in equine appendicular muscle activity and movement occur during induced fore- and hindlimb lameness: An electromyographic and kinematic evaluation |
| title_full | Adaptations in equine appendicular muscle activity and movement occur during induced fore- and hindlimb lameness: An electromyographic and kinematic evaluation |
| title_fullStr | Adaptations in equine appendicular muscle activity and movement occur during induced fore- and hindlimb lameness: An electromyographic and kinematic evaluation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Adaptations in equine appendicular muscle activity and movement occur during induced fore- and hindlimb lameness: An electromyographic and kinematic evaluation |
| title_short | Adaptations in equine appendicular muscle activity and movement occur during induced fore- and hindlimb lameness: An electromyographic and kinematic evaluation |
| title_sort | adaptations in equine appendicular muscle activity and movement occur during induced fore and hindlimb lameness an electromyographic and kinematic evaluation |
| topic | horse surface electromyography sEMG gait analysis biomechanics limb movement |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2022.989522/full |
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