The influence of lifestyle changes (diet, exercise and stress reduction) on prostate cancer tumour biology and patient outcomes: A systematic review
Abstract Background The mostly indolent natural history of prostate cancer (PCa) provides an opportunity for men to explore the benefits of lifestyle interventions. Current evidence suggests appropriate changes in lifestyle including diet, physical activity (PA) and stress reduction with or without...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2023-07-01
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| Series: | BJUI Compass |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/bco2.237 |
| _version_ | 1797803439216918528 |
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| author | Zach Dovey Amir Horowitz Nikhil Waingankar |
| author_facet | Zach Dovey Amir Horowitz Nikhil Waingankar |
| author_sort | Zach Dovey |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background The mostly indolent natural history of prostate cancer (PCa) provides an opportunity for men to explore the benefits of lifestyle interventions. Current evidence suggests appropriate changes in lifestyle including diet, physical activity (PA) and stress reduction with or without dietary supplements may improve both disease outcomes and patient's mental health. Objective This article aims to review the current evidence on the benefits of all lifestyle programmes for PCa patients including those aimed at reducing obesity and stress, explore their affect on tumour biology and highlight any biomarkers that have clinical utility. Evidence acquisition Evidence was obtained from PubMed and Web of Science using keywords for each section on the affects of lifestyle interventions on (a) mental health, (b) disease outcomes and (c) biomarkers in PCa patients. PRISMA guidelines were used to gather the evidence for these three sections (15, 44 and 16 publications, respectively). Evidence synthesis For lifestyle studies focused on mental health, 10/15 demonstrated a positive influence, although for those programmes focused on PA it was 7/8. Similarly for oncological outcomes, 26/44 studies demonstrated a positive influence, although when PA was included or the primary focus, it was 11/13. Complete blood count (CBC)‐derived inflammatory biomarkers show promise, as do inflammatory cytokines; however, a deeper understanding of their molecular biology in relation to PCa oncogenesis is required (16 studies reviewed). Conclusions Making PCa‐specific recommendations on lifestyle interventions is difficult on the current evidence. Nevertheless, notwithstanding the heterogeneity of patient populations and interventions, the evidence that dietary changes and PA may improve both mental health and oncological outcomes is compelling, especially for moderate to vigorous PA. The results for dietary supplements are inconsistent, and although some biomarkers show promise, significantly more research is required before they have clinical utility. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T05:21:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0861970345ee4dd49b2c98b99a7cb0d8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2688-4526 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T05:21:52Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BJUI Compass |
| spelling | doaj.art-0861970345ee4dd49b2c98b99a7cb0d82023-06-15T11:33:01ZengWileyBJUI Compass2688-45262023-07-014438541610.1002/bco2.237The influence of lifestyle changes (diet, exercise and stress reduction) on prostate cancer tumour biology and patient outcomes: A systematic reviewZach Dovey0Amir Horowitz1Nikhil Waingankar2Mount Sinai Health System, Department of Urology Icahn Medical School New York New York USAIcahn School of Medicine The Mount Sinai Hospital New York New York USAIcahn School of Medicine The Mount Sinai Hospital New York New York USAAbstract Background The mostly indolent natural history of prostate cancer (PCa) provides an opportunity for men to explore the benefits of lifestyle interventions. Current evidence suggests appropriate changes in lifestyle including diet, physical activity (PA) and stress reduction with or without dietary supplements may improve both disease outcomes and patient's mental health. Objective This article aims to review the current evidence on the benefits of all lifestyle programmes for PCa patients including those aimed at reducing obesity and stress, explore their affect on tumour biology and highlight any biomarkers that have clinical utility. Evidence acquisition Evidence was obtained from PubMed and Web of Science using keywords for each section on the affects of lifestyle interventions on (a) mental health, (b) disease outcomes and (c) biomarkers in PCa patients. PRISMA guidelines were used to gather the evidence for these three sections (15, 44 and 16 publications, respectively). Evidence synthesis For lifestyle studies focused on mental health, 10/15 demonstrated a positive influence, although for those programmes focused on PA it was 7/8. Similarly for oncological outcomes, 26/44 studies demonstrated a positive influence, although when PA was included or the primary focus, it was 11/13. Complete blood count (CBC)‐derived inflammatory biomarkers show promise, as do inflammatory cytokines; however, a deeper understanding of their molecular biology in relation to PCa oncogenesis is required (16 studies reviewed). Conclusions Making PCa‐specific recommendations on lifestyle interventions is difficult on the current evidence. Nevertheless, notwithstanding the heterogeneity of patient populations and interventions, the evidence that dietary changes and PA may improve both mental health and oncological outcomes is compelling, especially for moderate to vigorous PA. The results for dietary supplements are inconsistent, and although some biomarkers show promise, significantly more research is required before they have clinical utility.https://doi.org/10.1002/bco2.237biomarkerscancer outcomesdietmental healthphysical exerciseprostate cancer |
| spellingShingle | Zach Dovey Amir Horowitz Nikhil Waingankar The influence of lifestyle changes (diet, exercise and stress reduction) on prostate cancer tumour biology and patient outcomes: A systematic review BJUI Compass biomarkers cancer outcomes diet mental health physical exercise prostate cancer |
| title | The influence of lifestyle changes (diet, exercise and stress reduction) on prostate cancer tumour biology and patient outcomes: A systematic review |
| title_full | The influence of lifestyle changes (diet, exercise and stress reduction) on prostate cancer tumour biology and patient outcomes: A systematic review |
| title_fullStr | The influence of lifestyle changes (diet, exercise and stress reduction) on prostate cancer tumour biology and patient outcomes: A systematic review |
| title_full_unstemmed | The influence of lifestyle changes (diet, exercise and stress reduction) on prostate cancer tumour biology and patient outcomes: A systematic review |
| title_short | The influence of lifestyle changes (diet, exercise and stress reduction) on prostate cancer tumour biology and patient outcomes: A systematic review |
| title_sort | influence of lifestyle changes diet exercise and stress reduction on prostate cancer tumour biology and patient outcomes a systematic review |
| topic | biomarkers cancer outcomes diet mental health physical exercise prostate cancer |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/bco2.237 |
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