Investigation of the Role of the Spike Protein in Reversing the Virulence of the Highly Virulent Taiwan Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Pintung 52 Strains and Its Attenuated Counterpart
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has continuously caused severe economic losses to the global swine industries; however, no successful vaccine against PEDV has been developed. In this study, we generated four autologous recombinant viruses, including the highly virulent iPEDVPT-P5, attenuated...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2019-12-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/1/41 |
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| author | Chi-Fei Kao Hui-Wen Chang |
| author_facet | Chi-Fei Kao Hui-Wen Chang |
| author_sort | Chi-Fei Kao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has continuously caused severe economic losses to the global swine industries; however, no successful vaccine against PEDV has been developed. In this study, we generated four autologous recombinant viruses, including the highly virulent iPEDVPT-P5, attenuated iPEDVPT-P96, and two chimeric viruses (iPEDVPT-P5-96S and iPEDVPT-P96-5S) with the reciprocally exchanged <i>spike</i> (<i>S</i>) gene, to study the role of the <i>S</i> gene in PEDV pathogenesis. A deeper understanding of PEDV attenuation will aid in the rational design of a live attenuated vaccine (LAV) using reverse genetics system. Our results showed that replacing the <i>S</i> gene from the highly virulent iPEDVPT-P5 led to complete restoration of virulence of the attenuated iPEDVPT-P96, with nearly identical viral shedding, diarrhea pattern, and mortality rate as the parental iPEDVPT-P5. In contrast, substitution of the <i>S</i> gene with that from the attenuated iPEDVPT-P96 resulted in partial attenuation of iPEDVPT-P5, exhibiting similar viral shedding and diarrhea patterns as the parental iPEDVPT-P96 with slightly severe histological lesions and higher mortality rate. Collectively, our data confirmed that the attenuation of the PEDVPT-P96 virus is primarily attributed to mutations in the <i>S</i> gene. However, mutation in <i>S</i> gene alone could not fully attenuate the virulence of iPEDVPT-P5. Gene (s) other than <i>S</i> gene might also play a role in determining virulence. |
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0868b5d996de42ed90408d45f4d40a4d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T01:56:20Z |
| publishDate | 2019-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-0868b5d996de42ed90408d45f4d40a4d2022-12-22T00:42:21ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152019-12-011214110.3390/v12010041v12010041Investigation of the Role of the Spike Protein in Reversing the Virulence of the Highly Virulent Taiwan Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Pintung 52 Strains and Its Attenuated CounterpartChi-Fei Kao0Hui-Wen Chang1School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, TaiwanSchool of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, TaiwanPorcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has continuously caused severe economic losses to the global swine industries; however, no successful vaccine against PEDV has been developed. In this study, we generated four autologous recombinant viruses, including the highly virulent iPEDVPT-P5, attenuated iPEDVPT-P96, and two chimeric viruses (iPEDVPT-P5-96S and iPEDVPT-P96-5S) with the reciprocally exchanged <i>spike</i> (<i>S</i>) gene, to study the role of the <i>S</i> gene in PEDV pathogenesis. A deeper understanding of PEDV attenuation will aid in the rational design of a live attenuated vaccine (LAV) using reverse genetics system. Our results showed that replacing the <i>S</i> gene from the highly virulent iPEDVPT-P5 led to complete restoration of virulence of the attenuated iPEDVPT-P96, with nearly identical viral shedding, diarrhea pattern, and mortality rate as the parental iPEDVPT-P5. In contrast, substitution of the <i>S</i> gene with that from the attenuated iPEDVPT-P96 resulted in partial attenuation of iPEDVPT-P5, exhibiting similar viral shedding and diarrhea patterns as the parental iPEDVPT-P96 with slightly severe histological lesions and higher mortality rate. Collectively, our data confirmed that the attenuation of the PEDVPT-P96 virus is primarily attributed to mutations in the <i>S</i> gene. However, mutation in <i>S</i> gene alone could not fully attenuate the virulence of iPEDVPT-P5. Gene (s) other than <i>S</i> gene might also play a role in determining virulence.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/1/41pedvreverse geneticsspike proteinattenuationvirulent determinant |
| spellingShingle | Chi-Fei Kao Hui-Wen Chang Investigation of the Role of the Spike Protein in Reversing the Virulence of the Highly Virulent Taiwan Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Pintung 52 Strains and Its Attenuated Counterpart Viruses pedv reverse genetics spike protein attenuation virulent determinant |
| title | Investigation of the Role of the Spike Protein in Reversing the Virulence of the Highly Virulent Taiwan Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Pintung 52 Strains and Its Attenuated Counterpart |
| title_full | Investigation of the Role of the Spike Protein in Reversing the Virulence of the Highly Virulent Taiwan Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Pintung 52 Strains and Its Attenuated Counterpart |
| title_fullStr | Investigation of the Role of the Spike Protein in Reversing the Virulence of the Highly Virulent Taiwan Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Pintung 52 Strains and Its Attenuated Counterpart |
| title_full_unstemmed | Investigation of the Role of the Spike Protein in Reversing the Virulence of the Highly Virulent Taiwan Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Pintung 52 Strains and Its Attenuated Counterpart |
| title_short | Investigation of the Role of the Spike Protein in Reversing the Virulence of the Highly Virulent Taiwan Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Pintung 52 Strains and Its Attenuated Counterpart |
| title_sort | investigation of the role of the spike protein in reversing the virulence of the highly virulent taiwan porcine epidemic diarrhea virus pintung 52 strains and its attenuated counterpart |
| topic | pedv reverse genetics spike protein attenuation virulent determinant |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/1/41 |
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