The affective profiles in the USA: happiness, depression, life satisfaction, and happiness-increasing strategies
Background. The affective profiles model categorizes individuals as self-fulfilling (high positive affect, low negative affect), high affective (high positive affect, high negative affect), low affective (low positive affect, low negative affect), and self-destructive (low positive affect, high nega...
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PeerJ Inc.
2013-09-01
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| Online Access: | https://peerj.com/articles/156.pdf |
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| author | Erica Schütz Uta Sailer Ali Al Nima Patricia Rosenberg Ann-Christine Andersson Arntén Trevor Archer Danilo Garcia |
| author_facet | Erica Schütz Uta Sailer Ali Al Nima Patricia Rosenberg Ann-Christine Andersson Arntén Trevor Archer Danilo Garcia |
| author_sort | Erica Schütz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background. The affective profiles model categorizes individuals as self-fulfilling (high positive affect, low negative affect), high affective (high positive affect, high negative affect), low affective (low positive affect, low negative affect), and self-destructive (low positive affect, high negative affect). The model has been used extensively among Swedes to discern differences between profiles regarding happiness, depression, and also life satisfaction. The aim of the present study was to investigate such differences in a sample of residents of the USA. The study also investigated differences between profiles with regard to happiness-increasing strategies.Methods. In Study I, 900 participants reported affect (Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule; PANAS) and happiness (Happiness-Depression Scale). In Study II, 500 participants self-reported affect (PANAS), life satisfaction (Satisfaction With Life Scale), and how often they used specific strategies to increase their own happiness (Happiness-Increasing Strategies Scales).Results. The results showed that, compared to the other profiles, self-fulfilling individuals were less depressed, happier, and more satisfied with their lives. Nevertheless, self-destructive individuals were more depressed, unhappier, and less satisfied than all other profiles. The self-fulfilling individuals tended to use strategies related to agentic (e.g., instrumental goal-pursuit), communal (e.g., social affiliation), and spiritual (e.g., religion) values when pursuing happiness.Conclusion. These differences suggest that promoting positive emotions can positively influence a depressive-to-happy state as well as increasing life satisfaction. Moreover, the present study shows that pursuing happiness through strategies guided by agency, communion, and spirituality is related to a self-fulfilling experience described as high positive affect and low negative affect. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:46:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-086955c4c4d14577be9fb465d279f64b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2167-8359 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:46:53Z |
| publishDate | 2013-09-01 |
| publisher | PeerJ Inc. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PeerJ |
| spelling | doaj.art-086955c4c4d14577be9fb465d279f64b2023-12-03T10:33:37ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592013-09-011e15610.7717/peerj.156156The affective profiles in the USA: happiness, depression, life satisfaction, and happiness-increasing strategiesErica Schütz0Uta Sailer1Ali Al Nima2Patricia Rosenberg3Ann-Christine Andersson Arntén4Trevor Archer5Danilo Garcia6Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenNetwork for Empowerment and Well-Being, SwedenDepartment of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenNetwork for Empowerment and Well-Being, SwedenBackground. The affective profiles model categorizes individuals as self-fulfilling (high positive affect, low negative affect), high affective (high positive affect, high negative affect), low affective (low positive affect, low negative affect), and self-destructive (low positive affect, high negative affect). The model has been used extensively among Swedes to discern differences between profiles regarding happiness, depression, and also life satisfaction. The aim of the present study was to investigate such differences in a sample of residents of the USA. The study also investigated differences between profiles with regard to happiness-increasing strategies.Methods. In Study I, 900 participants reported affect (Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule; PANAS) and happiness (Happiness-Depression Scale). In Study II, 500 participants self-reported affect (PANAS), life satisfaction (Satisfaction With Life Scale), and how often they used specific strategies to increase their own happiness (Happiness-Increasing Strategies Scales).Results. The results showed that, compared to the other profiles, self-fulfilling individuals were less depressed, happier, and more satisfied with their lives. Nevertheless, self-destructive individuals were more depressed, unhappier, and less satisfied than all other profiles. The self-fulfilling individuals tended to use strategies related to agentic (e.g., instrumental goal-pursuit), communal (e.g., social affiliation), and spiritual (e.g., religion) values when pursuing happiness.Conclusion. These differences suggest that promoting positive emotions can positively influence a depressive-to-happy state as well as increasing life satisfaction. Moreover, the present study shows that pursuing happiness through strategies guided by agency, communion, and spirituality is related to a self-fulfilling experience described as high positive affect and low negative affect.https://peerj.com/articles/156.pdfLife satisfactionAffective profilesHappiness-increasing strategiesNegative affectHappinessDepression |
| spellingShingle | Erica Schütz Uta Sailer Ali Al Nima Patricia Rosenberg Ann-Christine Andersson Arntén Trevor Archer Danilo Garcia The affective profiles in the USA: happiness, depression, life satisfaction, and happiness-increasing strategies PeerJ Life satisfaction Affective profiles Happiness-increasing strategies Negative affect Happiness Depression |
| title | The affective profiles in the USA: happiness, depression, life satisfaction, and happiness-increasing strategies |
| title_full | The affective profiles in the USA: happiness, depression, life satisfaction, and happiness-increasing strategies |
| title_fullStr | The affective profiles in the USA: happiness, depression, life satisfaction, and happiness-increasing strategies |
| title_full_unstemmed | The affective profiles in the USA: happiness, depression, life satisfaction, and happiness-increasing strategies |
| title_short | The affective profiles in the USA: happiness, depression, life satisfaction, and happiness-increasing strategies |
| title_sort | affective profiles in the usa happiness depression life satisfaction and happiness increasing strategies |
| topic | Life satisfaction Affective profiles Happiness-increasing strategies Negative affect Happiness Depression |
| url | https://peerj.com/articles/156.pdf |
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