Profiling of Antibiotic Residues in Surface Water of River Yamuna Stretch Passing through Delhi, India
The River Yamuna is one of the largest rivers in northern India. It serves as a major source of potable water to the National Capital Delhi. A study was carried out to monitor and quantify three common antibiotics in surface water, with the help of Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) coup...
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| author | Suriyah Akhter Mohd Aadil Bhat Sirajuddin Ahmed Weqar Ahmad Siddiqi Sayeed Ahmad Hitesh Shrimal |
| author_facet | Suriyah Akhter Mohd Aadil Bhat Sirajuddin Ahmed Weqar Ahmad Siddiqi Sayeed Ahmad Hitesh Shrimal |
| author_sort | Suriyah Akhter |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The River Yamuna is one of the largest rivers in northern India. It serves as a major source of potable water to the National Capital Delhi. A study was carried out to monitor and quantify three common antibiotics in surface water, with the help of Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) coupled with the Mass spectrophotometer (MS/MS)-based method. All the major river water locations in the research area were sampled in triplicate to determine the significant presence of antibiotics from local areas, hospitals, drug manufacturing facilities, and residential areas. Using spiked, as well as actual samples, an optimized method for the detection and quantification of different concentrations of antibiotics was developed. Spatiotemporal variations in the physicochemical properties at the five sites, including reference site-6 (Jamia Millia Islamia), during the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon period, were also investigated. Maximum concentration was observed during the pre-monsoon season followed by the post-monsoon season. The highest detected antibiotic concentration from the river water samples was that of ofloxacin (145.3794 ng/mL), followed by amoxicillin (3.033 ng/mL) and erythromycin (2.171 ng/mL). An aquatic environment may be very vulnerable to dangers from these pharmaceutical residues, according to this risk assessment. Additionally, the levels and compositions of pharmaceutical residue in the aquatic ecosystem might be influenced by seasonal agricultural application, precipitation, and temperature. The findings revealed the existence of antibiotics because of their indiscriminate usage, which may have resulted in the development of resistant strains and ultimately contributed to the spread of antibiotic resistance among living organisms in the river. Thus, attention is required particularly to this section of river as it is the local lifeline source for urban consumers for the domestic water supply and farmers for cultivation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:19:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0877117888a8483e9d315c9fc182cfd7 |
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| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:19:30Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-0877117888a8483e9d315c9fc182cfd72023-11-16T18:23:54ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412023-01-0115352710.3390/w15030527Profiling of Antibiotic Residues in Surface Water of River Yamuna Stretch Passing through Delhi, IndiaSuriyah Akhter0Mohd Aadil Bhat1Sirajuddin Ahmed2Weqar Ahmad Siddiqi3Sayeed Ahmad4Hitesh Shrimal5Department of Applied Science and Humanities, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, IndiaSchool of Ocean and Earth Science, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, ChinaDepartment of Environmental Science and Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, IndiaDepartment of Applied Science and Humanities, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, IndiaDepartment of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, IndiaWaters India Pvt. Limited, New Delhi 110025, IndiaThe River Yamuna is one of the largest rivers in northern India. It serves as a major source of potable water to the National Capital Delhi. A study was carried out to monitor and quantify three common antibiotics in surface water, with the help of Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) coupled with the Mass spectrophotometer (MS/MS)-based method. All the major river water locations in the research area were sampled in triplicate to determine the significant presence of antibiotics from local areas, hospitals, drug manufacturing facilities, and residential areas. Using spiked, as well as actual samples, an optimized method for the detection and quantification of different concentrations of antibiotics was developed. Spatiotemporal variations in the physicochemical properties at the five sites, including reference site-6 (Jamia Millia Islamia), during the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon period, were also investigated. Maximum concentration was observed during the pre-monsoon season followed by the post-monsoon season. The highest detected antibiotic concentration from the river water samples was that of ofloxacin (145.3794 ng/mL), followed by amoxicillin (3.033 ng/mL) and erythromycin (2.171 ng/mL). An aquatic environment may be very vulnerable to dangers from these pharmaceutical residues, according to this risk assessment. Additionally, the levels and compositions of pharmaceutical residue in the aquatic ecosystem might be influenced by seasonal agricultural application, precipitation, and temperature. The findings revealed the existence of antibiotics because of their indiscriminate usage, which may have resulted in the development of resistant strains and ultimately contributed to the spread of antibiotic resistance among living organisms in the river. Thus, attention is required particularly to this section of river as it is the local lifeline source for urban consumers for the domestic water supply and farmers for cultivation.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/3/527surface waterantibiotics contaminationYamuna riverliquid chromatography-mass spectrophotometryrisk analysis |
| spellingShingle | Suriyah Akhter Mohd Aadil Bhat Sirajuddin Ahmed Weqar Ahmad Siddiqi Sayeed Ahmad Hitesh Shrimal Profiling of Antibiotic Residues in Surface Water of River Yamuna Stretch Passing through Delhi, India Water surface water antibiotics contamination Yamuna river liquid chromatography-mass spectrophotometry risk analysis |
| title | Profiling of Antibiotic Residues in Surface Water of River Yamuna Stretch Passing through Delhi, India |
| title_full | Profiling of Antibiotic Residues in Surface Water of River Yamuna Stretch Passing through Delhi, India |
| title_fullStr | Profiling of Antibiotic Residues in Surface Water of River Yamuna Stretch Passing through Delhi, India |
| title_full_unstemmed | Profiling of Antibiotic Residues in Surface Water of River Yamuna Stretch Passing through Delhi, India |
| title_short | Profiling of Antibiotic Residues in Surface Water of River Yamuna Stretch Passing through Delhi, India |
| title_sort | profiling of antibiotic residues in surface water of river yamuna stretch passing through delhi india |
| topic | surface water antibiotics contamination Yamuna river liquid chromatography-mass spectrophotometry risk analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/3/527 |
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