Citicoline: A Candidate for Adjunct Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis
In remitting–relapsing multiple sclerosis (RR-MS), relapses are driven by autoreactive immune cells that enter the brain and spinal cord and damage myelin sheaths of axons in white and grey matter, whereas during remissions myelin is repaired by activated oligodendroglial cells. Disease-modifying th...
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceuticals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/14/4/326 |
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| author | Paweł Grieb Maciej Świątkiewicz Agnieszka Kamińska Anselm Jünemann Robert Rejdak Konrad Rejdak |
| author_facet | Paweł Grieb Maciej Świątkiewicz Agnieszka Kamińska Anselm Jünemann Robert Rejdak Konrad Rejdak |
| author_sort | Paweł Grieb |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In remitting–relapsing multiple sclerosis (RR-MS), relapses are driven by autoreactive immune cells that enter the brain and spinal cord and damage myelin sheaths of axons in white and grey matter, whereas during remissions myelin is repaired by activated oligodendroglial cells. Disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) may either retard/attenuate myelin damage or promote/enhance/speed up myelin repair. Almost all currently approved DMTs inhibit myelin damage and are considerably toxic. Enhancement of myelin repair is considered an unmet medical need of MS patients. Citicoline, known for many years as a nootropic and neuroprotective drug and recently pronounced food supplement, has been found to be significantly efficacious in two complementary rodent models of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and cuprizone-induced myelin toxicity. Moreover, citicoline treatment improves visual evoked potentials (VEPs) in glaucoma patients, which is relevant because VEP monitoring is frequently used as an indicator of remyelination in MS. Although over-the-counter availability of citicoline may impede its formal translation to the clinic of MS, evaluation of its efficacy for supporting remyelination in this disease is strongly indicated. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:39:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-08792fd5f7bc4c4ea388fd12a2c64673 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8247 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:39:16Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceuticals |
| spelling | doaj.art-08792fd5f7bc4c4ea388fd12a2c646732023-11-21T14:00:57ZengMDPI AGPharmaceuticals1424-82472021-04-0114432610.3390/ph14040326Citicoline: A Candidate for Adjunct Treatment of Multiple SclerosisPaweł Grieb0Maciej Świątkiewicz1Agnieszka Kamińska2Anselm Jünemann3Robert Rejdak4Konrad Rejdak5Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Experimental Pharmacology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, PolandFaculty of Medical Sciences, Collegium Medicum, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University, 01-938 Warsaw, PolandChair and Department of General and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-079 Lublin, PolandChair and Department of General and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-079 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Neurology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, PolandIn remitting–relapsing multiple sclerosis (RR-MS), relapses are driven by autoreactive immune cells that enter the brain and spinal cord and damage myelin sheaths of axons in white and grey matter, whereas during remissions myelin is repaired by activated oligodendroglial cells. Disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) may either retard/attenuate myelin damage or promote/enhance/speed up myelin repair. Almost all currently approved DMTs inhibit myelin damage and are considerably toxic. Enhancement of myelin repair is considered an unmet medical need of MS patients. Citicoline, known for many years as a nootropic and neuroprotective drug and recently pronounced food supplement, has been found to be significantly efficacious in two complementary rodent models of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and cuprizone-induced myelin toxicity. Moreover, citicoline treatment improves visual evoked potentials (VEPs) in glaucoma patients, which is relevant because VEP monitoring is frequently used as an indicator of remyelination in MS. Although over-the-counter availability of citicoline may impede its formal translation to the clinic of MS, evaluation of its efficacy for supporting remyelination in this disease is strongly indicated.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/14/4/326citicolinemultiple sclerosisdemyelinationremyelination |
| spellingShingle | Paweł Grieb Maciej Świątkiewicz Agnieszka Kamińska Anselm Jünemann Robert Rejdak Konrad Rejdak Citicoline: A Candidate for Adjunct Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis Pharmaceuticals citicoline multiple sclerosis demyelination remyelination |
| title | Citicoline: A Candidate for Adjunct Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis |
| title_full | Citicoline: A Candidate for Adjunct Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis |
| title_fullStr | Citicoline: A Candidate for Adjunct Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Citicoline: A Candidate for Adjunct Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis |
| title_short | Citicoline: A Candidate for Adjunct Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis |
| title_sort | citicoline a candidate for adjunct treatment of multiple sclerosis |
| topic | citicoline multiple sclerosis demyelination remyelination |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/14/4/326 |
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