Analysis of Erect-Panicle Japonica Rice in Northern China: Yield, Quality Status, and Quality Improvement Directions
China is the only country that extensively cultivates the indica and japonica rice varieties, with the largest japonica rice production area being in northeast China. A study of the relationship between the yield and quality of japonica rice and the effect of nitrogen fertilizer application on this...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/7/926 |
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| author | Bingchun Yan Xinmei Jiang Zhengjin Xu Wenfu Chen Xiaoyi Cheng Hai Xu |
| author_facet | Bingchun Yan Xinmei Jiang Zhengjin Xu Wenfu Chen Xiaoyi Cheng Hai Xu |
| author_sort | Bingchun Yan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | China is the only country that extensively cultivates the indica and japonica rice varieties, with the largest japonica rice production area being in northeast China. A study of the relationship between the yield and quality of japonica rice and the effect of nitrogen fertilizer application on this relationship is important. In this paper, we aimed to assess the current yield and quality of japonica rice in northeast China. We selected erect-panicle varieties as the test materials. Field experiments were conducted using different nitrogen fertilizer levels for two consecutive years to analyze the rice varieties’ yield, quality, interrelationship, and nitrogen fertilizer response. The average yield following high- and low-nitrogen treatments exceeded 10,000.00 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>, with a maximum of 12,285.63 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>. The high-yield–high-nitrogen treatment group had more panicles, a higher seed-setting rate, and a higher 1000-grain weight than the other groups. The high-yield–low-nitrogen group had a higher number of panicles and seed-setting rate than the other groups. The low-yield–high-nitrogen group had a lower number of whole grains, grain length-to-width ratio, and taste value than the other groups. The low-yield–low-nitrogen group had fewer primary branches than the other groups; excluding the primary branch-setting rate and 1000-grain weight, the values of the other panicle traits of the group were significantly higher than those of the other groups. The high-nitrogen–high-flavor group had lower panicle and spikelet numbers and higher spikelet fertility rates than the other groups. The low-nitrogen–high-flavor group had higher spikelet fertility rates and 1000-grain weight than the other groups. Compared to the other groups, the low-nitrogen–high-flavor group had a higher head rice yield, and the high-nitrogen–high-flavor group had a lower chalkiness rate. The main goal of the breeding and cultivation of high-yield and high-quality erect-panicle japonica rice in northern China is to achieve “dual high, dual low, and one high and one low” conditions, signifying a high yield with high or low nitrogen levels, low protein and amylose contents, high head rice rates, and low chalkiness. This study provides a new technique for enhancing the taste of northern erect-panicle japonica rice to promote the sustainable, high-yield, and high-quality development of japonica rice in northern China. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T10:36:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-088136e762ad4d6eaa819bc50c810071 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T10:36:21Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-088136e762ad4d6eaa819bc50c8100712024-04-12T13:24:38ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472024-03-0113792610.3390/plants13070926Analysis of Erect-Panicle Japonica Rice in Northern China: Yield, Quality Status, and Quality Improvement DirectionsBingchun Yan0Xinmei Jiang1Zhengjin Xu2Wenfu Chen3Xiaoyi Cheng4Hai Xu5Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, ChinaNational Institute of Biochar, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, ChinaRice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, ChinaRice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, ChinaRice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, ChinaRice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, ChinaChina is the only country that extensively cultivates the indica and japonica rice varieties, with the largest japonica rice production area being in northeast China. A study of the relationship between the yield and quality of japonica rice and the effect of nitrogen fertilizer application on this relationship is important. In this paper, we aimed to assess the current yield and quality of japonica rice in northeast China. We selected erect-panicle varieties as the test materials. Field experiments were conducted using different nitrogen fertilizer levels for two consecutive years to analyze the rice varieties’ yield, quality, interrelationship, and nitrogen fertilizer response. The average yield following high- and low-nitrogen treatments exceeded 10,000.00 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>, with a maximum of 12,285.63 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>. The high-yield–high-nitrogen treatment group had more panicles, a higher seed-setting rate, and a higher 1000-grain weight than the other groups. The high-yield–low-nitrogen group had a higher number of panicles and seed-setting rate than the other groups. The low-yield–high-nitrogen group had a lower number of whole grains, grain length-to-width ratio, and taste value than the other groups. The low-yield–low-nitrogen group had fewer primary branches than the other groups; excluding the primary branch-setting rate and 1000-grain weight, the values of the other panicle traits of the group were significantly higher than those of the other groups. The high-nitrogen–high-flavor group had lower panicle and spikelet numbers and higher spikelet fertility rates than the other groups. The low-nitrogen–high-flavor group had higher spikelet fertility rates and 1000-grain weight than the other groups. Compared to the other groups, the low-nitrogen–high-flavor group had a higher head rice yield, and the high-nitrogen–high-flavor group had a lower chalkiness rate. The main goal of the breeding and cultivation of high-yield and high-quality erect-panicle japonica rice in northern China is to achieve “dual high, dual low, and one high and one low” conditions, signifying a high yield with high or low nitrogen levels, low protein and amylose contents, high head rice rates, and low chalkiness. This study provides a new technique for enhancing the taste of northern erect-panicle japonica rice to promote the sustainable, high-yield, and high-quality development of japonica rice in northern China.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/7/926japonica ricenitrogen-based fertilizernortheastern Chinayieldbrown rice food quality |
| spellingShingle | Bingchun Yan Xinmei Jiang Zhengjin Xu Wenfu Chen Xiaoyi Cheng Hai Xu Analysis of Erect-Panicle Japonica Rice in Northern China: Yield, Quality Status, and Quality Improvement Directions Plants japonica rice nitrogen-based fertilizer northeastern China yield brown rice food quality |
| title | Analysis of Erect-Panicle Japonica Rice in Northern China: Yield, Quality Status, and Quality Improvement Directions |
| title_full | Analysis of Erect-Panicle Japonica Rice in Northern China: Yield, Quality Status, and Quality Improvement Directions |
| title_fullStr | Analysis of Erect-Panicle Japonica Rice in Northern China: Yield, Quality Status, and Quality Improvement Directions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analysis of Erect-Panicle Japonica Rice in Northern China: Yield, Quality Status, and Quality Improvement Directions |
| title_short | Analysis of Erect-Panicle Japonica Rice in Northern China: Yield, Quality Status, and Quality Improvement Directions |
| title_sort | analysis of erect panicle japonica rice in northern china yield quality status and quality improvement directions |
| topic | japonica rice nitrogen-based fertilizer northeastern China yield brown rice food quality |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/7/926 |
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