A Combination of Calcination and the Spark Plasma Sintering Method in Multiferroic Ceramic Composite Technology: Effects of Process Temperature and Dwell Time
This study reports a combined technological process that includes synthesis by the calcination powder route and sintering by the Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) method for multiferroic ceramic composites in order to find the optimal sintering conditions. The effects of temperature on the SPS process an...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Materials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/7/2524 |
| _version_ | 1797438566789283840 |
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| author | Dariusz Bochenek |
| author_facet | Dariusz Bochenek |
| author_sort | Dariusz Bochenek |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study reports a combined technological process that includes synthesis by the calcination powder route and sintering by the Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) method for multiferroic ceramic composites in order to find the optimal sintering conditions. The effects of temperature on the SPS process and dwell time on the microstructure and dielectric properties of the PF composites were discussed. Research has shown that using the SPS method in the technological process of the multiferroic composites favors the correct densification of powders and allows for obtaining a fine-grained microstructure with good properties and electrophysical parameters in the composite material. The optimal set of parameters and properties is demonstrated by the sample obtained at the temperature of 900 °C for 3 min, i.e., resistivity (6.4 × 10<sup>8</sup> Ωm), values of the dielectric loss factor (0.016), permittivity at room temperature (753) and permittivity at the phase transition temperature (3290). Moreover, due to the high homogeneity of the microstructure, the strength of the material against electric breakdown increases (when examining the ferroelectric hysteresis loop, the application of a high electric field (3—3.5 kV/mm) is also possible at higher temperatures). In the case of the composite material tested, both the lower and higher temperatures as well as the shorter and longer dwell times (compared to the optimal SPS process conditions) did not contribute to the improvement of the microstructure or the set of usable parameters of the composite materials. The strength of the ceramic samples against electric breakdown has also diminished, while the phenomenon of leakage current increased. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:39:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-088b9ac9c3b84b4a9cbabcd17bae7c1c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:39:50Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-088b9ac9c3b84b4a9cbabcd17bae7c1c2023-11-30T23:33:20ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442022-03-01157252410.3390/ma15072524A Combination of Calcination and the Spark Plasma Sintering Method in Multiferroic Ceramic Composite Technology: Effects of Process Temperature and Dwell TimeDariusz Bochenek0Institute of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, PolandThis study reports a combined technological process that includes synthesis by the calcination powder route and sintering by the Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) method for multiferroic ceramic composites in order to find the optimal sintering conditions. The effects of temperature on the SPS process and dwell time on the microstructure and dielectric properties of the PF composites were discussed. Research has shown that using the SPS method in the technological process of the multiferroic composites favors the correct densification of powders and allows for obtaining a fine-grained microstructure with good properties and electrophysical parameters in the composite material. The optimal set of parameters and properties is demonstrated by the sample obtained at the temperature of 900 °C for 3 min, i.e., resistivity (6.4 × 10<sup>8</sup> Ωm), values of the dielectric loss factor (0.016), permittivity at room temperature (753) and permittivity at the phase transition temperature (3290). Moreover, due to the high homogeneity of the microstructure, the strength of the material against electric breakdown increases (when examining the ferroelectric hysteresis loop, the application of a high electric field (3—3.5 kV/mm) is also possible at higher temperatures). In the case of the composite material tested, both the lower and higher temperatures as well as the shorter and longer dwell times (compared to the optimal SPS process conditions) did not contribute to the improvement of the microstructure or the set of usable parameters of the composite materials. The strength of the ceramic samples against electric breakdown has also diminished, while the phenomenon of leakage current increased.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/7/2524multiferroicsferroelectromagnetic compositesspark plasma sinteringdielectric properties |
| spellingShingle | Dariusz Bochenek A Combination of Calcination and the Spark Plasma Sintering Method in Multiferroic Ceramic Composite Technology: Effects of Process Temperature and Dwell Time Materials multiferroics ferroelectromagnetic composites spark plasma sintering dielectric properties |
| title | A Combination of Calcination and the Spark Plasma Sintering Method in Multiferroic Ceramic Composite Technology: Effects of Process Temperature and Dwell Time |
| title_full | A Combination of Calcination and the Spark Plasma Sintering Method in Multiferroic Ceramic Composite Technology: Effects of Process Temperature and Dwell Time |
| title_fullStr | A Combination of Calcination and the Spark Plasma Sintering Method in Multiferroic Ceramic Composite Technology: Effects of Process Temperature and Dwell Time |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Combination of Calcination and the Spark Plasma Sintering Method in Multiferroic Ceramic Composite Technology: Effects of Process Temperature and Dwell Time |
| title_short | A Combination of Calcination and the Spark Plasma Sintering Method in Multiferroic Ceramic Composite Technology: Effects of Process Temperature and Dwell Time |
| title_sort | combination of calcination and the spark plasma sintering method in multiferroic ceramic composite technology effects of process temperature and dwell time |
| topic | multiferroics ferroelectromagnetic composites spark plasma sintering dielectric properties |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/7/2524 |
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