A multi‐layer framework for energy efficiency assessment of shore‐to‐ship fast charging systems including onshore batteries
Abstract This paper proposes a three‐layer framework for energy efficiency evaluation of Shore‐to‐Ship Charging (S2SC) systems using load‐dependent loss models of the components. The considered S2SC system is supplied by the grid but is also supported by On‐Shore Batteries (OSB). The presented appro...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Hindawi-IET
2022-12-01
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| Series: | IET Electrical Systems in Transportation |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1049/els2.12052 |
| _version_ | 1797421578051387392 |
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| author | Siamak Karimi Mehdi Zadeh Jon Are Suul |
| author_facet | Siamak Karimi Mehdi Zadeh Jon Are Suul |
| author_sort | Siamak Karimi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract This paper proposes a three‐layer framework for energy efficiency evaluation of Shore‐to‐Ship Charging (S2SC) systems using load‐dependent loss models of the components. The considered S2SC system is supplied by the grid but is also supported by On‐Shore Batteries (OSB). The presented approach is then used to investigate the impact of the specific design and operational parameters on energy efficiency. Power system architectures for three general S2SC solutions for ac, dc, and inductive charging are defined and compared in terms of energy efficiency. Operational parameters are also considered in the analysis, namely, the grid power ratio, determining the load sharing between the grid and the OSB, as well as the OSB charging profile. A case study is performed with peak charging power of 1 MW, and the most efficient S2SC solutions are identified for both ac‐ and dc‐based onboard power systems. Moreover, it is shown that charging OSB with the highest available power from the grid between the charging breaks would often lead to higher energy efficiency than the maximum utilization of the available charging time. Field data from a real S2SC system is used to verify the estimated energy efficiency by the proposed framework. The analysis of the real case S2SC is then extended to include and verify a projected OSB. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T07:19:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-08a76b11746948f48f1b1c9def0de86d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2042-9738 2042-9746 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T07:19:33Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | Hindawi-IET |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IET Electrical Systems in Transportation |
| spelling | doaj.art-08a76b11746948f48f1b1c9def0de86d2023-12-03T07:52:19ZengHindawi-IETIET Electrical Systems in Transportation2042-97382042-97462022-12-0112426928610.1049/els2.12052A multi‐layer framework for energy efficiency assessment of shore‐to‐ship fast charging systems including onshore batteriesSiamak Karimi0Mehdi Zadeh1Jon Are Suul2Department of Marine Technology Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Trondheim NorwayDepartment of Marine Technology Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Trondheim NorwayDepartment of Engineering Cybernetics Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Trondheim NorwayAbstract This paper proposes a three‐layer framework for energy efficiency evaluation of Shore‐to‐Ship Charging (S2SC) systems using load‐dependent loss models of the components. The considered S2SC system is supplied by the grid but is also supported by On‐Shore Batteries (OSB). The presented approach is then used to investigate the impact of the specific design and operational parameters on energy efficiency. Power system architectures for three general S2SC solutions for ac, dc, and inductive charging are defined and compared in terms of energy efficiency. Operational parameters are also considered in the analysis, namely, the grid power ratio, determining the load sharing between the grid and the OSB, as well as the OSB charging profile. A case study is performed with peak charging power of 1 MW, and the most efficient S2SC solutions are identified for both ac‐ and dc‐based onboard power systems. Moreover, it is shown that charging OSB with the highest available power from the grid between the charging breaks would often lead to higher energy efficiency than the maximum utilization of the available charging time. Field data from a real S2SC system is used to verify the estimated energy efficiency by the proposed framework. The analysis of the real case S2SC is then extended to include and verify a projected OSB.https://doi.org/10.1049/els2.12052all‐electric shipenergy efficiencyinductive chargingmarine electrificationplug‐in hybrid electric shipshore‐to‐ship charging |
| spellingShingle | Siamak Karimi Mehdi Zadeh Jon Are Suul A multi‐layer framework for energy efficiency assessment of shore‐to‐ship fast charging systems including onshore batteries IET Electrical Systems in Transportation all‐electric ship energy efficiency inductive charging marine electrification plug‐in hybrid electric ship shore‐to‐ship charging |
| title | A multi‐layer framework for energy efficiency assessment of shore‐to‐ship fast charging systems including onshore batteries |
| title_full | A multi‐layer framework for energy efficiency assessment of shore‐to‐ship fast charging systems including onshore batteries |
| title_fullStr | A multi‐layer framework for energy efficiency assessment of shore‐to‐ship fast charging systems including onshore batteries |
| title_full_unstemmed | A multi‐layer framework for energy efficiency assessment of shore‐to‐ship fast charging systems including onshore batteries |
| title_short | A multi‐layer framework for energy efficiency assessment of shore‐to‐ship fast charging systems including onshore batteries |
| title_sort | multi layer framework for energy efficiency assessment of shore to ship fast charging systems including onshore batteries |
| topic | all‐electric ship energy efficiency inductive charging marine electrification plug‐in hybrid electric ship shore‐to‐ship charging |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1049/els2.12052 |
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