Affecting Casein Micelles by Pulsed Electrical Field (PEF) for Inclusion of Lipophilic Organic Compounds
The increased consumption of reduced-fat or non-fat products leads to a reduced intake of fat-soluble bioactive substances, such as fat-soluble vitamins. Due to their natural role as transport systems for hydrophobic substances, casein micelles (CM) might depict a viable system. The structure of CM...
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MDPI AG
2021-05-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/10/4611 |
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| author | Dana Middendorf Ute Bindrich Claudia Siemer Stefan Töpfl Volker Heinz |
| author_facet | Dana Middendorf Ute Bindrich Claudia Siemer Stefan Töpfl Volker Heinz |
| author_sort | Dana Middendorf |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The increased consumption of reduced-fat or non-fat products leads to a reduced intake of fat-soluble bioactive substances, such as fat-soluble vitamins. Due to their natural role as transport systems for hydrophobic substances, casein micelles (CM) might depict a viable system. The structure of CM is characterized by a lipophilic core stabilized by an electric double layer-like structure. Modification allows accessibility of the core and, therefore, the inclusion of fat-soluble bioactive substances. Well-known modifications are pH reduction and use of rennet enzyme. A completely new procedure to modify CM structure is offered by pulsed electrical fields (PEF). The principle behind PEF is called electroporation and affects the electric double layer of CM so that it is interrupted. In this way, lipophilic substances can be incorporated into CM. In this work, we evaluated integration of β-carotene into native CM by an industry-compatible process to overcome disadvantages associated with the use of Na-caseinate and avoid great technical effort, e.g., due to treatment with high hydrostatic pressure. Our research has shown that PEF can be used for disintegration of CM and that significant amounts of β-carotene can be incorporated in CM. Furthermore, after disintegration using PEF, a combination of another PEF and thermal treatment was applied to restructure CM and trap significant amounts of β-carotene, permanently, ending up with an encapsulation efficiency of 78%. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:16:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-08af9d6f483943e9aa7b9866c4c73f5a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:16:44Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-08af9d6f483943e9aa7b9866c4c73f5a2023-11-21T20:19:12ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172021-05-011110461110.3390/app11104611Affecting Casein Micelles by Pulsed Electrical Field (PEF) for Inclusion of Lipophilic Organic CompoundsDana Middendorf0Ute Bindrich1Claudia Siemer2Stefan Töpfl3Volker Heinz4DIL e.V.—German Institute of Food Technologies, 49610 D-Quakenbrück, GermanyDIL e.V.—German Institute of Food Technologies, 49610 D-Quakenbrück, GermanyElea GmbH, 49610 D-Quakenbrück, GermanyElea GmbH, 49610 D-Quakenbrück, GermanyDIL e.V.—German Institute of Food Technologies, 49610 D-Quakenbrück, GermanyThe increased consumption of reduced-fat or non-fat products leads to a reduced intake of fat-soluble bioactive substances, such as fat-soluble vitamins. Due to their natural role as transport systems for hydrophobic substances, casein micelles (CM) might depict a viable system. The structure of CM is characterized by a lipophilic core stabilized by an electric double layer-like structure. Modification allows accessibility of the core and, therefore, the inclusion of fat-soluble bioactive substances. Well-known modifications are pH reduction and use of rennet enzyme. A completely new procedure to modify CM structure is offered by pulsed electrical fields (PEF). The principle behind PEF is called electroporation and affects the electric double layer of CM so that it is interrupted. In this way, lipophilic substances can be incorporated into CM. In this work, we evaluated integration of β-carotene into native CM by an industry-compatible process to overcome disadvantages associated with the use of Na-caseinate and avoid great technical effort, e.g., due to treatment with high hydrostatic pressure. Our research has shown that PEF can be used for disintegration of CM and that significant amounts of β-carotene can be incorporated in CM. Furthermore, after disintegration using PEF, a combination of another PEF and thermal treatment was applied to restructure CM and trap significant amounts of β-carotene, permanently, ending up with an encapsulation efficiency of 78%.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/10/4611casein micelletransport systempulsed electric field (PEF)electroporationfat-soluble bioactive substances |
| spellingShingle | Dana Middendorf Ute Bindrich Claudia Siemer Stefan Töpfl Volker Heinz Affecting Casein Micelles by Pulsed Electrical Field (PEF) for Inclusion of Lipophilic Organic Compounds Applied Sciences casein micelle transport system pulsed electric field (PEF) electroporation fat-soluble bioactive substances |
| title | Affecting Casein Micelles by Pulsed Electrical Field (PEF) for Inclusion of Lipophilic Organic Compounds |
| title_full | Affecting Casein Micelles by Pulsed Electrical Field (PEF) for Inclusion of Lipophilic Organic Compounds |
| title_fullStr | Affecting Casein Micelles by Pulsed Electrical Field (PEF) for Inclusion of Lipophilic Organic Compounds |
| title_full_unstemmed | Affecting Casein Micelles by Pulsed Electrical Field (PEF) for Inclusion of Lipophilic Organic Compounds |
| title_short | Affecting Casein Micelles by Pulsed Electrical Field (PEF) for Inclusion of Lipophilic Organic Compounds |
| title_sort | affecting casein micelles by pulsed electrical field pef for inclusion of lipophilic organic compounds |
| topic | casein micelle transport system pulsed electric field (PEF) electroporation fat-soluble bioactive substances |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/10/4611 |
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