Electroencephalogram approximate entropy influenced by both age and sleep
The use of information-based measures to assess changes in conscious state is an increasingly popular topic. Though recent results have seemed to justify the merits of such methods, little has been done to investigate the applicability of such measures to children. For our work, we used the appro...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2013-12-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Neuroinformatics |
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| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fninf.2013.00033/full |
| _version_ | 1818694956651380736 |
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| author | Gerick M. H. Lee Gerick M. H. Lee Sara eFattinger Anne-Laure eMouthon Quentin eNoirhomme Reto eHuber |
| author_facet | Gerick M. H. Lee Gerick M. H. Lee Sara eFattinger Anne-Laure eMouthon Quentin eNoirhomme Reto eHuber |
| author_sort | Gerick M. H. Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The use of information-based measures to assess changes in conscious state is an increasingly popular topic. Though recent results have seemed to justify the merits of such methods, little has been done to investigate the applicability of such measures to children. For our work, we used the approximate entropy (ApEn), a measure previously shown to correlate with changes in conscious state when applied to the electroencephalogram (EEG), and sought to confirm whether previously reported trends in adult ApEn values across wake and sleep were present in children. Besides validating the prior findings that ApEn decreases from wake to sleep (including wake, rapid eye movement [REM] sleep, and non-REM sleep) in adults, we found that previously reported ApEn decreases across vigilance states in adults were also present in children (ApEn trends for both age groups: wake > REM sleep > non-REM sleep). When comparing ApEn values between age groups, adults had significantly larger ApEn values than children during wakefulness. After the application of an 8 Hz high-pass filter to the EEG signal, ApEn values were recalculated. The number of electrodes with significant vigilance state effects dropped from all 109 electrodes with the original 1 Hz filter to 1 electrode with the 8 Hz filter. The number of electrodes with significant age effects dropped from ten to four. Our results support the notion that ApEn can reliably distinguish between vigilance states, with low-frequency sleep-related oscillations implicated as the driver of changes between vigilance states. We suggest that the observed differences between adult and child ApEn values during wake may reflect differences in connectivity between age groups, a factor which may be important in the use of EEG to measure consciousness. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T13:37:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-08b2c00ebd194924ae36c6740a9a317b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-5196 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T13:37:49Z |
| publishDate | 2013-12-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Neuroinformatics |
| spelling | doaj.art-08b2c00ebd194924ae36c6740a9a317b2022-12-21T21:46:22ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neuroinformatics1662-51962013-12-01710.3389/fninf.2013.0003373315Electroencephalogram approximate entropy influenced by both age and sleepGerick M. H. Lee0Gerick M. H. Lee1Sara eFattinger2Anne-Laure eMouthon3Quentin eNoirhomme4Reto eHuber5University of Zurich and ETH ZurichUniversity Children's Hospital ZurichUniversity Children's Hospital ZurichUniversity Children's Hospital ZurichUniversity and University Hospital of LiègeUniversity Children's Hospital ZurichThe use of information-based measures to assess changes in conscious state is an increasingly popular topic. Though recent results have seemed to justify the merits of such methods, little has been done to investigate the applicability of such measures to children. For our work, we used the approximate entropy (ApEn), a measure previously shown to correlate with changes in conscious state when applied to the electroencephalogram (EEG), and sought to confirm whether previously reported trends in adult ApEn values across wake and sleep were present in children. Besides validating the prior findings that ApEn decreases from wake to sleep (including wake, rapid eye movement [REM] sleep, and non-REM sleep) in adults, we found that previously reported ApEn decreases across vigilance states in adults were also present in children (ApEn trends for both age groups: wake > REM sleep > non-REM sleep). When comparing ApEn values between age groups, adults had significantly larger ApEn values than children during wakefulness. After the application of an 8 Hz high-pass filter to the EEG signal, ApEn values were recalculated. The number of electrodes with significant vigilance state effects dropped from all 109 electrodes with the original 1 Hz filter to 1 electrode with the 8 Hz filter. The number of electrodes with significant age effects dropped from ten to four. Our results support the notion that ApEn can reliably distinguish between vigilance states, with low-frequency sleep-related oscillations implicated as the driver of changes between vigilance states. We suggest that the observed differences between adult and child ApEn values during wake may reflect differences in connectivity between age groups, a factor which may be important in the use of EEG to measure consciousness.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fninf.2013.00033/fullConsciousnessSleepdevelopmenthigh density EEGApproximate Entropyvigilance state |
| spellingShingle | Gerick M. H. Lee Gerick M. H. Lee Sara eFattinger Anne-Laure eMouthon Quentin eNoirhomme Reto eHuber Electroencephalogram approximate entropy influenced by both age and sleep Frontiers in Neuroinformatics Consciousness Sleep development high density EEG Approximate Entropy vigilance state |
| title | Electroencephalogram approximate entropy influenced by both age and sleep |
| title_full | Electroencephalogram approximate entropy influenced by both age and sleep |
| title_fullStr | Electroencephalogram approximate entropy influenced by both age and sleep |
| title_full_unstemmed | Electroencephalogram approximate entropy influenced by both age and sleep |
| title_short | Electroencephalogram approximate entropy influenced by both age and sleep |
| title_sort | electroencephalogram approximate entropy influenced by both age and sleep |
| topic | Consciousness Sleep development high density EEG Approximate Entropy vigilance state |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fninf.2013.00033/full |
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