Emissions and By-Products from Producing Torrefied Solid Recovered Fuel Using Pulp Industry Waste
Emissions and by-products from manufacturing torrefied solid recovered fuel using pulp industry waste containing wood waste with pulp sludge (WPS) were studied. Two batches of WPS1 and WPS2 were tested. The torrefaction of WSP1 and WPS2 were performed at their respectively optimal temperature of 573...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Environments |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3298/10/8/135 |
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| author | Min-Hao Yuan Chia-Chi Chang Michael Huang Je-Lueng Shie Chao-Hsiung Wu Ching-Yuan Chang Yi-Hung Chen Far-Ching Lin Cheng-Fang Lin Chang-Ping Yu Yen-Hau Chen Wei-Ren Chang Tzu-Yi Yang Bo-Liang Liu |
| author_facet | Min-Hao Yuan Chia-Chi Chang Michael Huang Je-Lueng Shie Chao-Hsiung Wu Ching-Yuan Chang Yi-Hung Chen Far-Ching Lin Cheng-Fang Lin Chang-Ping Yu Yen-Hau Chen Wei-Ren Chang Tzu-Yi Yang Bo-Liang Liu |
| author_sort | Min-Hao Yuan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Emissions and by-products from manufacturing torrefied solid recovered fuel using pulp industry waste containing wood waste with pulp sludge (WPS) were studied. Two batches of WPS1 and WPS2 were tested. The torrefaction of WSP1 and WPS2 were performed at their respectively optimal temperature of 573 and 593 K and time of 20 min, referred as cases WPST1-573-20 and WPST2-593-20, respectively. WPS1 contained higher fixed carbons and volatile matters but lower ash content than WPS2. The results showed that the solid yields of 56 and 61 wt.%, gas yields of 16 and 16 wt.% and liquid yields of 28 and 24 wt.% for WPST1-573-20 and WPST2-593-20, respectively. The maximal concentration of emissions for WPST1-573-20 and WPST2-593-20 are about 1952.5 and 3743.5 ppmv for CO, 26.5 and 156 ppmv for NO<sub>x</sub> and 31.5 and 392 ppmv for SO<sub>2</sub>, respectively. The C<sub>CO</sub> exceeded the emission standard and required further action. The collected non-condensable gases consisted of hydrocarbons ranging from C1-HC to C6-HC, with C4-HC being the predominant component. Here, Cn-HC represents hydrocarbons with a carbon atom count of n. The GC-MS analysis revealed the primary liquid byproducts. The liquid products can be used directly as pyroligneous liquor in agriculture. Furthermore, with refining techniques, these liquid byproducts can be transformed into high-quality chemicals for applications such as fungicides, pesticides, solvents, surfactants, and as precursors or monomers in the synthesis of other chemicals. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:56:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-08c2d51502604f4e84fdac90acf04ffe |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3298 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:56:53Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Environments |
| spelling | doaj.art-08c2d51502604f4e84fdac90acf04ffe2023-11-19T01:00:47ZengMDPI AGEnvironments2076-32982023-08-0110813510.3390/environments10080135Emissions and By-Products from Producing Torrefied Solid Recovered Fuel Using Pulp Industry WasteMin-Hao Yuan0Chia-Chi Chang1Michael Huang2Je-Lueng Shie3Chao-Hsiung Wu4Ching-Yuan Chang5Yi-Hung Chen6Far-Ching Lin7Cheng-Fang Lin8Chang-Ping Yu9Yen-Hau Chen10Wei-Ren Chang11Tzu-Yi Yang12Bo-Liang Liu13Department of Occupational Safety and Health, China Medical University, Taichung 406, TaiwanGraduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, TaiwanGraduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, TaiwanDepartment of Environmental Engineering, National I-Lan University, I-Lan 260, TaiwanDepartment of Environmental Engineering, Da-Yeh University, Changhua 515, TaiwanGraduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, TaiwanDepartment of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106, TaiwanDepartment of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, TaiwanGraduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, TaiwanGraduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, TaiwanGraduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, TaiwanGraduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, TaiwanGraduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, TaiwanGraduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, TaiwanEmissions and by-products from manufacturing torrefied solid recovered fuel using pulp industry waste containing wood waste with pulp sludge (WPS) were studied. Two batches of WPS1 and WPS2 were tested. The torrefaction of WSP1 and WPS2 were performed at their respectively optimal temperature of 573 and 593 K and time of 20 min, referred as cases WPST1-573-20 and WPST2-593-20, respectively. WPS1 contained higher fixed carbons and volatile matters but lower ash content than WPS2. The results showed that the solid yields of 56 and 61 wt.%, gas yields of 16 and 16 wt.% and liquid yields of 28 and 24 wt.% for WPST1-573-20 and WPST2-593-20, respectively. The maximal concentration of emissions for WPST1-573-20 and WPST2-593-20 are about 1952.5 and 3743.5 ppmv for CO, 26.5 and 156 ppmv for NO<sub>x</sub> and 31.5 and 392 ppmv for SO<sub>2</sub>, respectively. The C<sub>CO</sub> exceeded the emission standard and required further action. The collected non-condensable gases consisted of hydrocarbons ranging from C1-HC to C6-HC, with C4-HC being the predominant component. Here, Cn-HC represents hydrocarbons with a carbon atom count of n. The GC-MS analysis revealed the primary liquid byproducts. The liquid products can be used directly as pyroligneous liquor in agriculture. Furthermore, with refining techniques, these liquid byproducts can be transformed into high-quality chemicals for applications such as fungicides, pesticides, solvents, surfactants, and as precursors or monomers in the synthesis of other chemicals.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3298/10/8/135torrefactionpulp industry wastesolid recovered fuelbio-wastebiomassemission |
| spellingShingle | Min-Hao Yuan Chia-Chi Chang Michael Huang Je-Lueng Shie Chao-Hsiung Wu Ching-Yuan Chang Yi-Hung Chen Far-Ching Lin Cheng-Fang Lin Chang-Ping Yu Yen-Hau Chen Wei-Ren Chang Tzu-Yi Yang Bo-Liang Liu Emissions and By-Products from Producing Torrefied Solid Recovered Fuel Using Pulp Industry Waste Environments torrefaction pulp industry waste solid recovered fuel bio-waste biomass emission |
| title | Emissions and By-Products from Producing Torrefied Solid Recovered Fuel Using Pulp Industry Waste |
| title_full | Emissions and By-Products from Producing Torrefied Solid Recovered Fuel Using Pulp Industry Waste |
| title_fullStr | Emissions and By-Products from Producing Torrefied Solid Recovered Fuel Using Pulp Industry Waste |
| title_full_unstemmed | Emissions and By-Products from Producing Torrefied Solid Recovered Fuel Using Pulp Industry Waste |
| title_short | Emissions and By-Products from Producing Torrefied Solid Recovered Fuel Using Pulp Industry Waste |
| title_sort | emissions and by products from producing torrefied solid recovered fuel using pulp industry waste |
| topic | torrefaction pulp industry waste solid recovered fuel bio-waste biomass emission |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3298/10/8/135 |
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