An xa5 Resistance Gene-Breaking Indian Strain of the Rice Bacterial Blight Pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae Is Nearly Identical to a Thai Strain
The rice bacterial blight pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) constrains production in major rice growing countries of Asia. Xoo injects transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) that bind to and activate host “susceptibility” (S) genes that are important for disease. The bacterial bli...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-10-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2020.579504/full |
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| author | Sara C. D. Carpenter Prashant Mishra Chandrika Ghoshal Prasanta K. Dash Li Wang Samriti Midha Gouri S. Laha Jagjeet S. Lore Wichai Kositratana Nagendra K. Singh Kuldeep Singh Prabhu B. Patil Ricardo Oliva Sujin Patarapuwadol Adam J. Bogdanove Rhitu Rai |
| author_facet | Sara C. D. Carpenter Prashant Mishra Chandrika Ghoshal Prasanta K. Dash Li Wang Samriti Midha Gouri S. Laha Jagjeet S. Lore Wichai Kositratana Nagendra K. Singh Kuldeep Singh Prabhu B. Patil Ricardo Oliva Sujin Patarapuwadol Adam J. Bogdanove Rhitu Rai |
| author_sort | Sara C. D. Carpenter |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The rice bacterial blight pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) constrains production in major rice growing countries of Asia. Xoo injects transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) that bind to and activate host “susceptibility” (S) genes that are important for disease. The bacterial blight resistance gene xa5, which reduces TALE activity generally, has been widely deployed. However, strains defeating xa5 have been reported in India and recently also in Thailand. We completely sequenced and compared the genomes of one such strain from each country and examined the encoded TALEs. The two genomes are nearly identical, including the TALE genes, and belong to a previously identified, highly clonal lineage. Each strain harbors a TALE known to activate the major S gene SWEET11 strongly enough to be effective even when diminished by xa5. The findings suggest international migration of the xa5-compatible pathotype and highlight the utility of whole genome sequencing and TALE analysis for understanding and responding to breakdown of resistance. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T01:17:14Z |
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| id | doaj.art-08cc11d9d7574acfaa7a0aa28eb52a4a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T01:17:14Z |
| publishDate | 2020-10-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-08cc11d9d7574acfaa7a0aa28eb52a4a2022-12-22T03:53:54ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2020-10-011110.3389/fmicb.2020.579504579504An xa5 Resistance Gene-Breaking Indian Strain of the Rice Bacterial Blight Pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae Is Nearly Identical to a Thai StrainSara C. D. Carpenter0Prashant Mishra1Chandrika Ghoshal2Prasanta K. Dash3Li Wang4Samriti Midha5Gouri S. Laha6Jagjeet S. Lore7Wichai Kositratana8Nagendra K. Singh9Kuldeep Singh10Prabhu B. Patil11Ricardo Oliva12Sujin Patarapuwadol13Adam J. Bogdanove14Rhitu Rai15Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United StatesPlant Pathogen Interaction, ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, IndiaPlant Pathogen Interaction, ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, IndiaPlant Pathogen Interaction, ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, IndiaPlant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United StatesBacterial Genomics and Evolution Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, IndiaDepartment of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, IndiaDepartment of Plant Pathology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, IndiaDepartment of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, ThailandPlant Pathogen Interaction, ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, IndiaICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, IndiaBacterial Genomics and Evolution Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, IndiaRice Breeding Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, PhilippinesDepartment of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, ThailandPlant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United StatesPlant Pathogen Interaction, ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, IndiaThe rice bacterial blight pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) constrains production in major rice growing countries of Asia. Xoo injects transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) that bind to and activate host “susceptibility” (S) genes that are important for disease. The bacterial blight resistance gene xa5, which reduces TALE activity generally, has been widely deployed. However, strains defeating xa5 have been reported in India and recently also in Thailand. We completely sequenced and compared the genomes of one such strain from each country and examined the encoded TALEs. The two genomes are nearly identical, including the TALE genes, and belong to a previously identified, highly clonal lineage. Each strain harbors a TALE known to activate the major S gene SWEET11 strongly enough to be effective even when diminished by xa5. The findings suggest international migration of the xa5-compatible pathotype and highlight the utility of whole genome sequencing and TALE analysis for understanding and responding to breakdown of resistance.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2020.579504/fullbacterial blight of ricesingle molecule real-time sequencingtranscription activator-like effectorssusceptibility genesSWEET genes |
| spellingShingle | Sara C. D. Carpenter Prashant Mishra Chandrika Ghoshal Prasanta K. Dash Li Wang Samriti Midha Gouri S. Laha Jagjeet S. Lore Wichai Kositratana Nagendra K. Singh Kuldeep Singh Prabhu B. Patil Ricardo Oliva Sujin Patarapuwadol Adam J. Bogdanove Rhitu Rai An xa5 Resistance Gene-Breaking Indian Strain of the Rice Bacterial Blight Pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae Is Nearly Identical to a Thai Strain Frontiers in Microbiology bacterial blight of rice single molecule real-time sequencing transcription activator-like effectors susceptibility genes SWEET genes |
| title | An xa5 Resistance Gene-Breaking Indian Strain of the Rice Bacterial Blight Pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae Is Nearly Identical to a Thai Strain |
| title_full | An xa5 Resistance Gene-Breaking Indian Strain of the Rice Bacterial Blight Pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae Is Nearly Identical to a Thai Strain |
| title_fullStr | An xa5 Resistance Gene-Breaking Indian Strain of the Rice Bacterial Blight Pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae Is Nearly Identical to a Thai Strain |
| title_full_unstemmed | An xa5 Resistance Gene-Breaking Indian Strain of the Rice Bacterial Blight Pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae Is Nearly Identical to a Thai Strain |
| title_short | An xa5 Resistance Gene-Breaking Indian Strain of the Rice Bacterial Blight Pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae Is Nearly Identical to a Thai Strain |
| title_sort | xa5 resistance gene breaking indian strain of the rice bacterial blight pathogen xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae is nearly identical to a thai strain |
| topic | bacterial blight of rice single molecule real-time sequencing transcription activator-like effectors susceptibility genes SWEET genes |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2020.579504/full |
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