Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of <i>Calmodulin</i> (CaM) and <i>Calmodulin-Like</i> (CML) Genes in the Brown Algae <i>Saccharina japonica</i>
Calmodulins (CaMs) and Calmodulin-like proteins (CMLs) are vital in plant growth, development, and stress responses. However, CaMs and CMLs have not been fully identified and characterized in brown algae, which has been evolving independently of the well-studied green plant lineage. In this study, w...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-05-01
|
| Series: | Plants |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/10/1934 |
| _version_ | 1797598570397827072 |
|---|---|
| author | Nianchao Xue Minghui Sun Zihan Gai Meihan Bai Juan Sun Shan Sai Linan Zhang |
| author_facet | Nianchao Xue Minghui Sun Zihan Gai Meihan Bai Juan Sun Shan Sai Linan Zhang |
| author_sort | Nianchao Xue |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Calmodulins (CaMs) and Calmodulin-like proteins (CMLs) are vital in plant growth, development, and stress responses. However, CaMs and CMLs have not been fully identified and characterized in brown algae, which has been evolving independently of the well-studied green plant lineage. In this study, whole-genome searches revealed one SjCaM and eight SjCMLs in <i>Saccharina japonica</i>, and one EsCaM and eleven EsCMLs in <i>Ectocarpus</i> sp. SjCaM and EsCaM encoded identical protein products and shared 88.59–89.93% amino acid identities with <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> AtCaMs, thereby indicating that brown algae CaMs retained a similar Ca<sup>2+</sup> sensors function as in plants. The phylogenetic and gene structure analysis results showed that there was significant divergence in the gene sequences among brown algae CMLs. Furthermore, evolutionary analysis indicated that the function of brown alga CMLs was relatively conserved, which may be related to the fact that brown algae do not need to face complex environments like terrestrial plants. Regulatory elements prediction and the expression analysis revealed the probable functioning of SjCaM/CML genes in gametophyte development and the stress response in <i>S. japonica</i>. In addition, the SjCaM/SjCMLs interacting proteins and chemicals were preliminarily predicted, suggesting that SjCaM/SjCMLs might play putative roles in Ca<sup>2+</sup>/CaM-mediated growth and development processes and stimulus responses. Therefore, these results will facilitate our understanding of the evolution of brown algae CaMs/CMLs and the functional identification of SjCaM/SjCMLs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:23:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-08d4ad68f0854f9796b139fc6f5ca7ae |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:23:01Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-08d4ad68f0854f9796b139fc6f5ca7ae2023-11-18T02:55:15ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472023-05-011210193410.3390/plants12101934Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of <i>Calmodulin</i> (CaM) and <i>Calmodulin-Like</i> (CML) Genes in the Brown Algae <i>Saccharina japonica</i>Nianchao Xue0Minghui Sun1Zihan Gai2Meihan Bai3Juan Sun4Shan Sai5Linan Zhang6School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, ChinaSchool of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, ChinaSchool of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, ChinaSchool of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, ChinaNational Engineering Science Research & Development Center of Algae and Sea Cucumbers of China, Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Algae and Sea Cucumber, Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement & Efficient Culture of Marine Algae of Shandong, Shandong Oriental Ocean Sci-Tech Co., Ltd., Yantai 264003, ChinaNational Engineering Science Research & Development Center of Algae and Sea Cucumbers of China, Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Algae and Sea Cucumber, Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement & Efficient Culture of Marine Algae of Shandong, Shandong Oriental Ocean Sci-Tech Co., Ltd., Yantai 264003, ChinaSchool of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, ChinaCalmodulins (CaMs) and Calmodulin-like proteins (CMLs) are vital in plant growth, development, and stress responses. However, CaMs and CMLs have not been fully identified and characterized in brown algae, which has been evolving independently of the well-studied green plant lineage. In this study, whole-genome searches revealed one SjCaM and eight SjCMLs in <i>Saccharina japonica</i>, and one EsCaM and eleven EsCMLs in <i>Ectocarpus</i> sp. SjCaM and EsCaM encoded identical protein products and shared 88.59–89.93% amino acid identities with <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> AtCaMs, thereby indicating that brown algae CaMs retained a similar Ca<sup>2+</sup> sensors function as in plants. The phylogenetic and gene structure analysis results showed that there was significant divergence in the gene sequences among brown algae CMLs. Furthermore, evolutionary analysis indicated that the function of brown alga CMLs was relatively conserved, which may be related to the fact that brown algae do not need to face complex environments like terrestrial plants. Regulatory elements prediction and the expression analysis revealed the probable functioning of SjCaM/CML genes in gametophyte development and the stress response in <i>S. japonica</i>. In addition, the SjCaM/SjCMLs interacting proteins and chemicals were preliminarily predicted, suggesting that SjCaM/SjCMLs might play putative roles in Ca<sup>2+</sup>/CaM-mediated growth and development processes and stimulus responses. Therefore, these results will facilitate our understanding of the evolution of brown algae CaMs/CMLs and the functional identification of SjCaM/SjCMLs.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/10/1934brown algae<i>Saccharina japonica</i>calmodulinscalmodulin-like proteingametophyte development |
| spellingShingle | Nianchao Xue Minghui Sun Zihan Gai Meihan Bai Juan Sun Shan Sai Linan Zhang Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of <i>Calmodulin</i> (CaM) and <i>Calmodulin-Like</i> (CML) Genes in the Brown Algae <i>Saccharina japonica</i> Plants brown algae <i>Saccharina japonica</i> calmodulins calmodulin-like protein gametophyte development |
| title | Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of <i>Calmodulin</i> (CaM) and <i>Calmodulin-Like</i> (CML) Genes in the Brown Algae <i>Saccharina japonica</i> |
| title_full | Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of <i>Calmodulin</i> (CaM) and <i>Calmodulin-Like</i> (CML) Genes in the Brown Algae <i>Saccharina japonica</i> |
| title_fullStr | Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of <i>Calmodulin</i> (CaM) and <i>Calmodulin-Like</i> (CML) Genes in the Brown Algae <i>Saccharina japonica</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of <i>Calmodulin</i> (CaM) and <i>Calmodulin-Like</i> (CML) Genes in the Brown Algae <i>Saccharina japonica</i> |
| title_short | Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of <i>Calmodulin</i> (CaM) and <i>Calmodulin-Like</i> (CML) Genes in the Brown Algae <i>Saccharina japonica</i> |
| title_sort | genome wide identification and expression analysis of i calmodulin i cam and i calmodulin like i cml genes in the brown algae i saccharina japonica i |
| topic | brown algae <i>Saccharina japonica</i> calmodulins calmodulin-like protein gametophyte development |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/10/1934 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT nianchaoxue genomewideidentificationandexpressionanalysisoficalmodulinicamandicalmodulinlikeicmlgenesinthebrownalgaeisaccharinajaponicai AT minghuisun genomewideidentificationandexpressionanalysisoficalmodulinicamandicalmodulinlikeicmlgenesinthebrownalgaeisaccharinajaponicai AT zihangai genomewideidentificationandexpressionanalysisoficalmodulinicamandicalmodulinlikeicmlgenesinthebrownalgaeisaccharinajaponicai AT meihanbai genomewideidentificationandexpressionanalysisoficalmodulinicamandicalmodulinlikeicmlgenesinthebrownalgaeisaccharinajaponicai AT juansun genomewideidentificationandexpressionanalysisoficalmodulinicamandicalmodulinlikeicmlgenesinthebrownalgaeisaccharinajaponicai AT shansai genomewideidentificationandexpressionanalysisoficalmodulinicamandicalmodulinlikeicmlgenesinthebrownalgaeisaccharinajaponicai AT linanzhang genomewideidentificationandexpressionanalysisoficalmodulinicamandicalmodulinlikeicmlgenesinthebrownalgaeisaccharinajaponicai |