Changes in Treg and Breg cells in a healthy pediatric population
The interpretation of clinical diagnostic results in suspected inborn errors of immunity, including Tregopathies, is hampered by the lack of age-stratified reference values for regulatory T cells (Treg) in the pediatric population and a consensus on which Treg immunophenotype to use. Regulatory B ce...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1283981/full |
| _version_ | 1797463119093563392 |
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| author | Yiyi Luo Yiyi Luo Yiyi Luo Daniel Acevedo Daniel Acevedo Daniel Acevedo Alexandru Vlagea Alexandru Vlagea Anna Codina Ana García-García Ana García-García Ana García-García Angela Deyà-Martínez Angela Deyà-Martínez Angela Deyà-Martínez Celia Martí-Castellote Celia Martí-Castellote Celia Martí-Castellote Ana Esteve-Solé Ana Esteve-Solé Ana Esteve-Solé Laia Alsina Laia Alsina Laia Alsina Laia Alsina |
| author_facet | Yiyi Luo Yiyi Luo Yiyi Luo Daniel Acevedo Daniel Acevedo Daniel Acevedo Alexandru Vlagea Alexandru Vlagea Anna Codina Ana García-García Ana García-García Ana García-García Angela Deyà-Martínez Angela Deyà-Martínez Angela Deyà-Martínez Celia Martí-Castellote Celia Martí-Castellote Celia Martí-Castellote Ana Esteve-Solé Ana Esteve-Solé Ana Esteve-Solé Laia Alsina Laia Alsina Laia Alsina Laia Alsina |
| author_sort | Yiyi Luo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The interpretation of clinical diagnostic results in suspected inborn errors of immunity, including Tregopathies, is hampered by the lack of age-stratified reference values for regulatory T cells (Treg) in the pediatric population and a consensus on which Treg immunophenotype to use. Regulatory B cells (Breg) are an important component of the regulatory system that have been poorly studied in the pediatric population. We analyzed (1) the correlation between the three immunophenotypic definitions of Treg (CD4+CD25hiCD127low, CD4+CD25hiCD127lowFoxP3+, CD4+CD25hiFoxP3+), and with CD4+CD25hi and (2) the changes in Treg and Breg frequencies and their maturation status with age. We performed peripheral blood immunophenotyping of Treg and Breg (CD19+CD24hiCD38hi) by flow cytometry in 55 healthy pediatric controls. We observed that Treg numbers varied depending on the definition used, and the frequency ranged between 3.3–9.7% for CD4+CD25hiCD127low, 0.07-1.6% for CD4+CD25hiCD127lowFoxP3+, and 0.24-2.83% for CD4+CD25hiFoxP3+. The correlation between the three definitions of Treg was positive for most age ranges, especially between the two intracellular panels and with CD4+CD25hi vs CD4+CD25hiCD127low. Treg and Breg frequencies tended to decline after 7 and 3 years onwards, respectively. Treg’s maturation status increased with age, with a decline of naïve Treg and an increase in memory/effector Treg from age 7 onwards. Memory Breg increased progressively from age 3 onwards. In conclusion, the number of Treg frequencies spans a wide range depending on the immunophenotypic definition used despite a good level of correlation exists between them. The decline in numbers and maturation process with age occurs earlier in Breg than in Treg. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:46:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-08d8f168c19d4f759226fad154d95573 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:46:07Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-08d8f168c19d4f759226fad154d955732023-11-24T11:07:59ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242023-11-011410.3389/fimmu.2023.12839811283981Changes in Treg and Breg cells in a healthy pediatric populationYiyi Luo0Yiyi Luo1Yiyi Luo2Daniel Acevedo3Daniel Acevedo4Daniel Acevedo5Alexandru Vlagea6Alexandru Vlagea7Anna Codina8Ana García-García9Ana García-García10Ana García-García11Angela Deyà-Martínez12Angela Deyà-Martínez13Angela Deyà-Martínez14Celia Martí-Castellote15Celia Martí-Castellote16Celia Martí-Castellote17Ana Esteve-Solé18Ana Esteve-Solé19Ana Esteve-Solé20Laia Alsina21Laia Alsina22Laia Alsina23Laia Alsina24Clinical Immunology and Primary Immunodeficiencies Unit, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, SpainClinical Immunology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, SpainStudy Group for Immune Dysfunction Diseases in Children (GEMDIP), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, SpainClinical Immunology and Primary Immunodeficiencies Unit, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, SpainClinical Immunology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, SpainStudy Group for Immune Dysfunction Diseases in Children (GEMDIP), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, SpainClinical Immunology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, SpainBiomedic Diagnostic Center (CDB), Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Clinical Immunology Unit Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, SpainBiobanco Pediátrico para la Investigación Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, SpainClinical Immunology and Primary Immunodeficiencies Unit, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, SpainClinical Immunology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, SpainStudy Group for Immune Dysfunction Diseases in Children (GEMDIP), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, SpainClinical Immunology and Primary Immunodeficiencies Unit, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, SpainClinical Immunology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, SpainStudy Group for Immune Dysfunction Diseases in Children (GEMDIP), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, SpainClinical Immunology and Primary Immunodeficiencies Unit, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, SpainClinical Immunology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, SpainStudy Group for Immune Dysfunction Diseases in Children (GEMDIP), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, SpainClinical Immunology and Primary Immunodeficiencies Unit, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, SpainClinical Immunology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, SpainStudy Group for Immune Dysfunction Diseases in Children (GEMDIP), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, SpainClinical Immunology and Primary Immunodeficiencies Unit, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, SpainClinical Immunology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, SpainStudy Group for Immune Dysfunction Diseases in Children (GEMDIP), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Surgery and Medical Specializations, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, SpainThe interpretation of clinical diagnostic results in suspected inborn errors of immunity, including Tregopathies, is hampered by the lack of age-stratified reference values for regulatory T cells (Treg) in the pediatric population and a consensus on which Treg immunophenotype to use. Regulatory B cells (Breg) are an important component of the regulatory system that have been poorly studied in the pediatric population. We analyzed (1) the correlation between the three immunophenotypic definitions of Treg (CD4+CD25hiCD127low, CD4+CD25hiCD127lowFoxP3+, CD4+CD25hiFoxP3+), and with CD4+CD25hi and (2) the changes in Treg and Breg frequencies and their maturation status with age. We performed peripheral blood immunophenotyping of Treg and Breg (CD19+CD24hiCD38hi) by flow cytometry in 55 healthy pediatric controls. We observed that Treg numbers varied depending on the definition used, and the frequency ranged between 3.3–9.7% for CD4+CD25hiCD127low, 0.07-1.6% for CD4+CD25hiCD127lowFoxP3+, and 0.24-2.83% for CD4+CD25hiFoxP3+. The correlation between the three definitions of Treg was positive for most age ranges, especially between the two intracellular panels and with CD4+CD25hi vs CD4+CD25hiCD127low. Treg and Breg frequencies tended to decline after 7 and 3 years onwards, respectively. Treg’s maturation status increased with age, with a decline of naïve Treg and an increase in memory/effector Treg from age 7 onwards. Memory Breg increased progressively from age 3 onwards. In conclusion, the number of Treg frequencies spans a wide range depending on the immunophenotypic definition used despite a good level of correlation exists between them. The decline in numbers and maturation process with age occurs earlier in Breg than in Treg.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1283981/fullTreg cellBreg cellFoxP3immunophenotypingIPEXchild |
| spellingShingle | Yiyi Luo Yiyi Luo Yiyi Luo Daniel Acevedo Daniel Acevedo Daniel Acevedo Alexandru Vlagea Alexandru Vlagea Anna Codina Ana García-García Ana García-García Ana García-García Angela Deyà-Martínez Angela Deyà-Martínez Angela Deyà-Martínez Celia Martí-Castellote Celia Martí-Castellote Celia Martí-Castellote Ana Esteve-Solé Ana Esteve-Solé Ana Esteve-Solé Laia Alsina Laia Alsina Laia Alsina Laia Alsina Changes in Treg and Breg cells in a healthy pediatric population Frontiers in Immunology Treg cell Breg cell FoxP3 immunophenotyping IPEX child |
| title | Changes in Treg and Breg cells in a healthy pediatric population |
| title_full | Changes in Treg and Breg cells in a healthy pediatric population |
| title_fullStr | Changes in Treg and Breg cells in a healthy pediatric population |
| title_full_unstemmed | Changes in Treg and Breg cells in a healthy pediatric population |
| title_short | Changes in Treg and Breg cells in a healthy pediatric population |
| title_sort | changes in treg and breg cells in a healthy pediatric population |
| topic | Treg cell Breg cell FoxP3 immunophenotyping IPEX child |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1283981/full |
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