Hepatoprotective and Renoprotective Properties of Lovastatin-Loaded Ginger and Garlic Oil Nanoemulsomes: Insights into Serum Biological Parameters
<i>Background and Objectives</i>: Dyslipidemia is gaining much attention among healthcare professionals because of its high association with the malfunctioning of a number of normal physiological and metabolic processes in the body. Obesity is directly interconnected with dyslipidemia an...
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MDPI AG
2019-09-01
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| Series: | Medicina |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1010-660X/55/9/579 |
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| author | Syed Ali Faran Sajid Asghar Syed Haroon Khalid Ikram Ullah Khan Muhammad Asif Ikrima Khalid Umar Farooq Gohar Tanveer Hussain |
| author_facet | Syed Ali Faran Sajid Asghar Syed Haroon Khalid Ikram Ullah Khan Muhammad Asif Ikrima Khalid Umar Farooq Gohar Tanveer Hussain |
| author_sort | Syed Ali Faran |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Background and Objectives</i>: Dyslipidemia is gaining much attention among healthcare professionals because of its high association with the malfunctioning of a number of normal physiological and metabolic processes in the body. Obesity is directly interconnected with dyslipidemia and is said to be a denouement of hyperlipidemia and, if left untreated, may lead to intense damage to organs that are directly involved in fat metabolism. The objective of this study was to investigate the synergistic antiobesity and anti-hyperlipidemic activities along with hepato- and renoprotective potential of nanoemulsomes (NES) of lovastatin (LTN)-loaded ginger (GR) and garlic (GL) oils. <i>Materials and Methods</i>: LTN nanoemulsomes co-encapsulated with GR oil and GL oil were prepared by a thin hydration technique. Eight-week-old male Wistar rats weighing 200−250 g were induced with hyperlipidemia via a high-fat diet (HFD) comprising 40% beef tallow. Body weight, serum biochemical lipid parameters, and those for liver and kidney functions, serum TC, LDL-C, vLDL-C, HDL-C, TG, atherogenic index (AI), ALT, AFT, ALP, γ-GT, total protein (TP), serum albumin and globulin ratio (A/G), serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and blood urea, and histopathology of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained liver and kidney sections of all aforementioned groups were examined in the treated animals. <i>Results</i>: Nanoemulsomes of LTN-loaded GR and GL oils provided synergistic effects with LTN, exerted better ameliorative actions in reducing serum TC, LDL-C, vLDL-C, triglycerides, and AI, and improved serum HDL-C levels. Serum ALT, AST, ALP, and γ-GT levels were in the normal range for nanoemulsome groups. H&E stained liver and kidney sections of these animals confirmed better hepatoprotective and renoprotective effects than LTN alone. Serum biochemical parameters for renal functions also claimed to be in the moderate range for nanoemulsome-treated groups. <i>Conclusion</i>: This study demonstrated that nanoemulsomes of LTN-loaded GR and GL oils synergistically provided better antihyperlipidemic, hepatoprotective, and renoprotective effects as compared to LTN alone. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T11:16:18Z |
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| id | doaj.art-08e068dbd5764822aeff8202a3785fbb |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T11:16:18Z |
| publishDate | 2019-09-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-08e068dbd5764822aeff8202a3785fbb2023-09-02T01:54:28ZengMDPI AGMedicina1010-660X2019-09-0155957910.3390/medicina55090579medicina55090579Hepatoprotective and Renoprotective Properties of Lovastatin-Loaded Ginger and Garlic Oil Nanoemulsomes: Insights into Serum Biological ParametersSyed Ali Faran0Sajid Asghar1Syed Haroon Khalid2Ikram Ullah Khan3Muhammad Asif4Ikrima Khalid5Umar Farooq Gohar6Tanveer Hussain7Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, PakistanFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, PakistanFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, PakistanFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, PakistanFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, PakistanFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, PakistanInstitute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore 54000, PakistanFaculty of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan<i>Background and Objectives</i>: Dyslipidemia is gaining much attention among healthcare professionals because of its high association with the malfunctioning of a number of normal physiological and metabolic processes in the body. Obesity is directly interconnected with dyslipidemia and is said to be a denouement of hyperlipidemia and, if left untreated, may lead to intense damage to organs that are directly involved in fat metabolism. The objective of this study was to investigate the synergistic antiobesity and anti-hyperlipidemic activities along with hepato- and renoprotective potential of nanoemulsomes (NES) of lovastatin (LTN)-loaded ginger (GR) and garlic (GL) oils. <i>Materials and Methods</i>: LTN nanoemulsomes co-encapsulated with GR oil and GL oil were prepared by a thin hydration technique. Eight-week-old male Wistar rats weighing 200−250 g were induced with hyperlipidemia via a high-fat diet (HFD) comprising 40% beef tallow. Body weight, serum biochemical lipid parameters, and those for liver and kidney functions, serum TC, LDL-C, vLDL-C, HDL-C, TG, atherogenic index (AI), ALT, AFT, ALP, γ-GT, total protein (TP), serum albumin and globulin ratio (A/G), serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and blood urea, and histopathology of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained liver and kidney sections of all aforementioned groups were examined in the treated animals. <i>Results</i>: Nanoemulsomes of LTN-loaded GR and GL oils provided synergistic effects with LTN, exerted better ameliorative actions in reducing serum TC, LDL-C, vLDL-C, triglycerides, and AI, and improved serum HDL-C levels. Serum ALT, AST, ALP, and γ-GT levels were in the normal range for nanoemulsome groups. H&E stained liver and kidney sections of these animals confirmed better hepatoprotective and renoprotective effects than LTN alone. Serum biochemical parameters for renal functions also claimed to be in the moderate range for nanoemulsome-treated groups. <i>Conclusion</i>: This study demonstrated that nanoemulsomes of LTN-loaded GR and GL oils synergistically provided better antihyperlipidemic, hepatoprotective, and renoprotective effects as compared to LTN alone.https://www.mdpi.com/1010-660X/55/9/579lovastatinanti-hyperlipidemiahepatoprotectiverenoprotectiveginger oilgarlic oilnanoemulsomes |
| spellingShingle | Syed Ali Faran Sajid Asghar Syed Haroon Khalid Ikram Ullah Khan Muhammad Asif Ikrima Khalid Umar Farooq Gohar Tanveer Hussain Hepatoprotective and Renoprotective Properties of Lovastatin-Loaded Ginger and Garlic Oil Nanoemulsomes: Insights into Serum Biological Parameters Medicina lovastatin anti-hyperlipidemia hepatoprotective renoprotective ginger oil garlic oil nanoemulsomes |
| title | Hepatoprotective and Renoprotective Properties of Lovastatin-Loaded Ginger and Garlic Oil Nanoemulsomes: Insights into Serum Biological Parameters |
| title_full | Hepatoprotective and Renoprotective Properties of Lovastatin-Loaded Ginger and Garlic Oil Nanoemulsomes: Insights into Serum Biological Parameters |
| title_fullStr | Hepatoprotective and Renoprotective Properties of Lovastatin-Loaded Ginger and Garlic Oil Nanoemulsomes: Insights into Serum Biological Parameters |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hepatoprotective and Renoprotective Properties of Lovastatin-Loaded Ginger and Garlic Oil Nanoemulsomes: Insights into Serum Biological Parameters |
| title_short | Hepatoprotective and Renoprotective Properties of Lovastatin-Loaded Ginger and Garlic Oil Nanoemulsomes: Insights into Serum Biological Parameters |
| title_sort | hepatoprotective and renoprotective properties of lovastatin loaded ginger and garlic oil nanoemulsomes insights into serum biological parameters |
| topic | lovastatin anti-hyperlipidemia hepatoprotective renoprotective ginger oil garlic oil nanoemulsomes |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1010-660X/55/9/579 |
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