Facial growth and development trajectories based on three-dimensional images: geometric morphometrics with a deformation perspective
Developmental changes of facial shape are commonly investigated through geometric morphometrics. A limitation with this approach is the inability to investigate patterns of morphological changes at local scale. This could be addressed through quantifying the deformation required to deform one shape...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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The Royal Society
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Royal Society Open Science |
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| Online Access: | https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.231438 |
| _version_ | 1797360156768468992 |
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| author | Yu Jie Zhong Dan Cui Patrick Yi Feng Wen Hai Ming Wong |
| author_facet | Yu Jie Zhong Dan Cui Patrick Yi Feng Wen Hai Ming Wong |
| author_sort | Yu Jie Zhong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Developmental changes of facial shape are commonly investigated through geometric morphometrics. A limitation with this approach is the inability to investigate patterns of morphological changes at local scale. This could be addressed through quantifying the deformation required to deform one shape to another. This study aimed to investigate changes in mean, rate and variance of facial shape at local scale using geometric morphometrics through deformation perspective. A total of 2112 Europeans 3 to 40 years old from the three-dimensional Facial Norms project were included. Shape and rate trajectories from partial least-squares regressions revealed that the developmentally protrusive nasal bridge was due to local expansion in surrounding tissues as opposed to shape changes in nasal bridge per se. Local expansion of the supraorbital region, in particular the medial part in males, resulted in the sloping forehead and deep-situated eyes with development. Facial shape variation increased nonlinearly with age (p < 0.05), with features having larger rate of change becoming more developmentally diversified. In summary, our deformation perspective facilitates unravelling morphogenetic processes underlying shape changes. Our extended analytical scope inspires novel measures worthy of consideration while establishing facial growth charts. The analytical framework in this study is broadly applicable for analysis of shape changes in general. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T15:35:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-08ebcb4d565d40808446e67edfa68b73 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2054-5703 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T15:35:12Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | The Royal Society |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Royal Society Open Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-08ebcb4d565d40808446e67edfa68b732024-01-10T00:05:55ZengThe Royal SocietyRoyal Society Open Science2054-57032024-01-0111110.1098/rsos.231438Facial growth and development trajectories based on three-dimensional images: geometric morphometrics with a deformation perspectiveYu Jie Zhong0Dan Cui1Patrick Yi Feng Wen2Hai Ming Wong3Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 2/F, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun 7B47, Hong KongSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning W Rd, Xi'an, People's Republic of ChinaSchool of Life Sciences, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou E10-326, People's Republic of ChinaFaculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 2/F, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun 7B47, Hong KongDevelopmental changes of facial shape are commonly investigated through geometric morphometrics. A limitation with this approach is the inability to investigate patterns of morphological changes at local scale. This could be addressed through quantifying the deformation required to deform one shape to another. This study aimed to investigate changes in mean, rate and variance of facial shape at local scale using geometric morphometrics through deformation perspective. A total of 2112 Europeans 3 to 40 years old from the three-dimensional Facial Norms project were included. Shape and rate trajectories from partial least-squares regressions revealed that the developmentally protrusive nasal bridge was due to local expansion in surrounding tissues as opposed to shape changes in nasal bridge per se. Local expansion of the supraorbital region, in particular the medial part in males, resulted in the sloping forehead and deep-situated eyes with development. Facial shape variation increased nonlinearly with age (p < 0.05), with features having larger rate of change becoming more developmentally diversified. In summary, our deformation perspective facilitates unravelling morphogenetic processes underlying shape changes. Our extended analytical scope inspires novel measures worthy of consideration while establishing facial growth charts. The analytical framework in this study is broadly applicable for analysis of shape changes in general.https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.231438facegrowthEuropeansgeometric morphometricsProcrustes variancedeformation |
| spellingShingle | Yu Jie Zhong Dan Cui Patrick Yi Feng Wen Hai Ming Wong Facial growth and development trajectories based on three-dimensional images: geometric morphometrics with a deformation perspective Royal Society Open Science face growth Europeans geometric morphometrics Procrustes variance deformation |
| title | Facial growth and development trajectories based on three-dimensional images: geometric morphometrics with a deformation perspective |
| title_full | Facial growth and development trajectories based on three-dimensional images: geometric morphometrics with a deformation perspective |
| title_fullStr | Facial growth and development trajectories based on three-dimensional images: geometric morphometrics with a deformation perspective |
| title_full_unstemmed | Facial growth and development trajectories based on three-dimensional images: geometric morphometrics with a deformation perspective |
| title_short | Facial growth and development trajectories based on three-dimensional images: geometric morphometrics with a deformation perspective |
| title_sort | facial growth and development trajectories based on three dimensional images geometric morphometrics with a deformation perspective |
| topic | face growth Europeans geometric morphometrics Procrustes variance deformation |
| url | https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.231438 |
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