Current Research on Green Ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) as a Potential Vector Energy for Power Storage and Engine Fuels: A Review

Considering the renewable electricity production using sustainable technologies, such as solar photovoltaics or wind turbines, it is essential to have systems that allow for storing the energy produced during the periods of lower consumption as well as the energy transportation through the distribut...

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Main Authors: Rafael Estevez, Francisco J. López-Tenllado, Laura Aguado-Deblas, Felipa M. Bautista, Antonio A. Romero, Diego Luna
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2023-07-01
Series:Energies
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/14/5451
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author Rafael Estevez
Francisco J. López-Tenllado
Laura Aguado-Deblas
Felipa M. Bautista
Antonio A. Romero
Diego Luna
author_facet Rafael Estevez
Francisco J. López-Tenllado
Laura Aguado-Deblas
Felipa M. Bautista
Antonio A. Romero
Diego Luna
author_sort Rafael Estevez
collection DOAJ
description Considering the renewable electricity production using sustainable technologies, such as solar photovoltaics or wind turbines, it is essential to have systems that allow for storing the energy produced during the periods of lower consumption as well as the energy transportation through the distribution network. Despite hydrogen being considered a good candidate, it presents several problems related to its extremely low density, which requires the use of very high pressures to store it. In addition, its energy density in volumetric terms is still clearly lower than that of most liquid fuels. These facts have led to the consideration of ammonia as an alternative compound for energy storage or as a carrier. In this sense, this review deals with the evaluation of using green ammonia for different energetic purposes, such as an energy carrier vector, an electricity generator and E-fuel. In addition, this study has addressed the latest studies that propose the use of nitrogen-derived compounds, i.e., urea, hydrazine, ammonium nitrate, etc., as alternative fuels. In this study, the possibility of using other nitrogen-derived compounds, i.e., an update of the ecosystem surrounding green ammonia, has been assessed, from production to consumption, including storage, transportation, etc. Additionally, the future challenges in achieving a technical and economically viable energy transition have been determined.
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spelling doaj.art-08ed655ecde34c6194a9dae793619cc02023-11-18T19:10:32ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732023-07-011614545110.3390/en16145451Current Research on Green Ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) as a Potential Vector Energy for Power Storage and Engine Fuels: A ReviewRafael Estevez0Francisco J. López-Tenllado1Laura Aguado-Deblas2Felipa M. Bautista3Antonio A. Romero4Diego Luna5Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto Químico para la Energía y el Medioambiente (IQUEMA), Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Edificio Marie Curie, E-14014 Córdoba, SpainDepartamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto Químico para la Energía y el Medioambiente (IQUEMA), Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Edificio Marie Curie, E-14014 Córdoba, SpainDepartamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto Químico para la Energía y el Medioambiente (IQUEMA), Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Edificio Marie Curie, E-14014 Córdoba, SpainDepartamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto Químico para la Energía y el Medioambiente (IQUEMA), Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Edificio Marie Curie, E-14014 Córdoba, SpainDepartamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto Químico para la Energía y el Medioambiente (IQUEMA), Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Edificio Marie Curie, E-14014 Córdoba, SpainDepartamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto Químico para la Energía y el Medioambiente (IQUEMA), Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Edificio Marie Curie, E-14014 Córdoba, SpainConsidering the renewable electricity production using sustainable technologies, such as solar photovoltaics or wind turbines, it is essential to have systems that allow for storing the energy produced during the periods of lower consumption as well as the energy transportation through the distribution network. Despite hydrogen being considered a good candidate, it presents several problems related to its extremely low density, which requires the use of very high pressures to store it. In addition, its energy density in volumetric terms is still clearly lower than that of most liquid fuels. These facts have led to the consideration of ammonia as an alternative compound for energy storage or as a carrier. In this sense, this review deals with the evaluation of using green ammonia for different energetic purposes, such as an energy carrier vector, an electricity generator and E-fuel. In addition, this study has addressed the latest studies that propose the use of nitrogen-derived compounds, i.e., urea, hydrazine, ammonium nitrate, etc., as alternative fuels. In this study, the possibility of using other nitrogen-derived compounds, i.e., an update of the ecosystem surrounding green ammonia, has been assessed, from production to consumption, including storage, transportation, etc. Additionally, the future challenges in achieving a technical and economically viable energy transition have been determined.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/14/5451green ammoniagreen hydrogenpower storageammonia economywater electrolysisurea aqueous solutions
spellingShingle Rafael Estevez
Francisco J. López-Tenllado
Laura Aguado-Deblas
Felipa M. Bautista
Antonio A. Romero
Diego Luna
Current Research on Green Ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) as a Potential Vector Energy for Power Storage and Engine Fuels: A Review
Energies
green ammonia
green hydrogen
power storage
ammonia economy
water electrolysis
urea aqueous solutions
title Current Research on Green Ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) as a Potential Vector Energy for Power Storage and Engine Fuels: A Review
title_full Current Research on Green Ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) as a Potential Vector Energy for Power Storage and Engine Fuels: A Review
title_fullStr Current Research on Green Ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) as a Potential Vector Energy for Power Storage and Engine Fuels: A Review
title_full_unstemmed Current Research on Green Ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) as a Potential Vector Energy for Power Storage and Engine Fuels: A Review
title_short Current Research on Green Ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) as a Potential Vector Energy for Power Storage and Engine Fuels: A Review
title_sort current research on green ammonia nh sub 3 sub as a potential vector energy for power storage and engine fuels a review
topic green ammonia
green hydrogen
power storage
ammonia economy
water electrolysis
urea aqueous solutions
url https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/14/5451
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