PM2.5-related health and economic loss assessment for 338 Chinese cities
China is in a critical stage of ambient air quality management after global attention on pollution in its cities. Industrial development and urbanization have led to alarming levels of air pollution with serious health hazards in densely populated cities. The quantification of cause-specific PM2.5-r...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2018-12-01
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| Series: | Environment International |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412018307785 |
| _version_ | 1811322454671360000 |
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| author | Kamal Jyoti Maji Wei-Feng Ye Mohit Arora S.M. Shiva Nagendra |
| author_facet | Kamal Jyoti Maji Wei-Feng Ye Mohit Arora S.M. Shiva Nagendra |
| author_sort | Kamal Jyoti Maji |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | China is in a critical stage of ambient air quality management after global attention on pollution in its cities. Industrial development and urbanization have led to alarming levels of air pollution with serious health hazards in densely populated cities. The quantification of cause-specific PM2.5-related health impacts and corresponding economic loss estimation is crucial for control policies on ambient PM2.5 levels. Based on ground-level direct measurements of PM2.5 concentrations in 338 Chinese cities for the year 2016, this study estimates cause-specific mortality using integrated exposure-response (IER) model, non-linear power law (NLP) model and log-linear (LL) model followed by morbidity assessment using log-linear model. The willingness to pay (WTP) and cost of illness (COI) methods have been used for PM2.5-attributed economic loss assessment. In 2016 in China, the annual PM2.5 concentration ranged between 10 and 157 μg/m3 and 78.79% of the total population was exposed to >35 μg/m3 PM2.5 concentration. Subsequently, the national PM2.5-attributable mortality was 0.964 (95% CI: 0.447, 1.355) million (LL: 1.258 million and NPL: 0.770 million), about 9.98% of total reported deaths in China. Additionally, the total respiratory disease and cardiovascular disease-specific hospital admission morbidity were 0.605 million and 0.364 million. Estimated chronic bronchitis, asthma and emergency hospital admission morbidity were 0.986, 1.0 and 0.117 million respectively. Simultaneously, the PM2.5 exposure caused the economic loss of 101.39 billion US$, which is 0.91% of the national GDP in 2016. This study, for the first time, highlights the discrepancies associated with the three commonly used methodologies applied for cause-specific mortality assessment. Mortality and morbidity results of this study would provide a measurable assessment of 338 cities to the provincial and national policymakers of China for intensifying their efforts on air quality improvement. Keywords: China, Spatial distributions of PM2.5, Long-term mortality, Morbidity, Economic loss |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T13:36:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-08ef9678dac240fcab8800c64185cad3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0160-4120 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T13:36:31Z |
| publishDate | 2018-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Environment International |
| spelling | doaj.art-08ef9678dac240fcab8800c64185cad32022-12-22T02:44:46ZengElsevierEnvironment International0160-41202018-12-01121392403PM2.5-related health and economic loss assessment for 338 Chinese citiesKamal Jyoti Maji0Wei-Feng Ye1Mohit Arora2S.M. Shiva Nagendra3Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering (CESE), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India; Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India; Correspondence to: K. J. Maji, Center for Environmental Science and Engineering (CESE), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India.School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, ChinaEngineering Product Development Pillar, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, 487372, Singapore; Correspondence to: M. Arora, Engineering Product Development Pillar, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore.Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, IndiaChina is in a critical stage of ambient air quality management after global attention on pollution in its cities. Industrial development and urbanization have led to alarming levels of air pollution with serious health hazards in densely populated cities. The quantification of cause-specific PM2.5-related health impacts and corresponding economic loss estimation is crucial for control policies on ambient PM2.5 levels. Based on ground-level direct measurements of PM2.5 concentrations in 338 Chinese cities for the year 2016, this study estimates cause-specific mortality using integrated exposure-response (IER) model, non-linear power law (NLP) model and log-linear (LL) model followed by morbidity assessment using log-linear model. The willingness to pay (WTP) and cost of illness (COI) methods have been used for PM2.5-attributed economic loss assessment. In 2016 in China, the annual PM2.5 concentration ranged between 10 and 157 μg/m3 and 78.79% of the total population was exposed to >35 μg/m3 PM2.5 concentration. Subsequently, the national PM2.5-attributable mortality was 0.964 (95% CI: 0.447, 1.355) million (LL: 1.258 million and NPL: 0.770 million), about 9.98% of total reported deaths in China. Additionally, the total respiratory disease and cardiovascular disease-specific hospital admission morbidity were 0.605 million and 0.364 million. Estimated chronic bronchitis, asthma and emergency hospital admission morbidity were 0.986, 1.0 and 0.117 million respectively. Simultaneously, the PM2.5 exposure caused the economic loss of 101.39 billion US$, which is 0.91% of the national GDP in 2016. This study, for the first time, highlights the discrepancies associated with the three commonly used methodologies applied for cause-specific mortality assessment. Mortality and morbidity results of this study would provide a measurable assessment of 338 cities to the provincial and national policymakers of China for intensifying their efforts on air quality improvement. Keywords: China, Spatial distributions of PM2.5, Long-term mortality, Morbidity, Economic losshttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412018307785 |
| spellingShingle | Kamal Jyoti Maji Wei-Feng Ye Mohit Arora S.M. Shiva Nagendra PM2.5-related health and economic loss assessment for 338 Chinese cities Environment International |
| title | PM2.5-related health and economic loss assessment for 338 Chinese cities |
| title_full | PM2.5-related health and economic loss assessment for 338 Chinese cities |
| title_fullStr | PM2.5-related health and economic loss assessment for 338 Chinese cities |
| title_full_unstemmed | PM2.5-related health and economic loss assessment for 338 Chinese cities |
| title_short | PM2.5-related health and economic loss assessment for 338 Chinese cities |
| title_sort | pm2 5 related health and economic loss assessment for 338 chinese cities |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412018307785 |
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