Objective assessment of spasticity by pendulum test: a systematic review on methods of implementation and outcome measures
Abstract Background Instrumented pendulum test is an objective and repeatable biomechanical method of assessment for spasticity. However, multitude of sensor technologies and plenty of suggested outcome measures, confuse those interested in implementing this method in practice. Lack of a standard ag...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2020-11-01
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| Series: | BioMedical Engineering OnLine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12938-020-00826-8 |
| _version_ | 1811292943709896704 |
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| author | Fariborz Rahimi Reza Eyvazpour Nazila Salahshour Mahmood Reza Azghani |
| author_facet | Fariborz Rahimi Reza Eyvazpour Nazila Salahshour Mahmood Reza Azghani |
| author_sort | Fariborz Rahimi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Instrumented pendulum test is an objective and repeatable biomechanical method of assessment for spasticity. However, multitude of sensor technologies and plenty of suggested outcome measures, confuse those interested in implementing this method in practice. Lack of a standard agreement on the definition of experimental setup and outcome measures adds to this ambiguity and causes the results of one study not to be directly attainable by a group that uses a different setup. In this systematic review of studies, we aim to reduce the confusion by providing pros and cons of the available choices, and also by standardizing the definitions. Methods A literature search was conducted for the period of 1950 to the end of 2019 on PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar and IEEE explore; with keywords of “pendulum test” and “Spasticity”. Results Twenty-eight studies with instrumented pendulum test for assessment of spasticity met the inclusion criteria. All the suggested methods of implementation were compared and advantages and disadvantages were provided for each sensor technology. An exhaustive list categorized outcome measures in three groups of angle-based, angular velocity-based, and angular acceleration-based measures with all different names and definitions. Conclusions With the aim of providing standardized methodology with replicable and comparable results, sources of dissimilarity and ambiguity among research strategies were found and explained with the help of graphical representation of pendulum movement stages and corresponding parameters on the angular waveforms. We hope using the provided tables simplify the choices when implementing pendulum test for spasticity evaluation, improve the consistency when reporting the results, and disambiguate inconsistency in the literature. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T04:53:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-08f184ca0d13488fa75d424bc3d9fd7a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1475-925X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T04:53:05Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BioMedical Engineering OnLine |
| spelling | doaj.art-08f184ca0d13488fa75d424bc3d9fd7a2022-12-22T03:01:35ZengBMCBioMedical Engineering OnLine1475-925X2020-11-0119111810.1186/s12938-020-00826-8Objective assessment of spasticity by pendulum test: a systematic review on methods of implementation and outcome measuresFariborz Rahimi0Reza Eyvazpour1Nazila Salahshour2Mahmood Reza Azghani3Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of BonabDepartment of Electronics, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of TabrizDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of BonabDepartment of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Sahand University of TechnologyAbstract Background Instrumented pendulum test is an objective and repeatable biomechanical method of assessment for spasticity. However, multitude of sensor technologies and plenty of suggested outcome measures, confuse those interested in implementing this method in practice. Lack of a standard agreement on the definition of experimental setup and outcome measures adds to this ambiguity and causes the results of one study not to be directly attainable by a group that uses a different setup. In this systematic review of studies, we aim to reduce the confusion by providing pros and cons of the available choices, and also by standardizing the definitions. Methods A literature search was conducted for the period of 1950 to the end of 2019 on PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar and IEEE explore; with keywords of “pendulum test” and “Spasticity”. Results Twenty-eight studies with instrumented pendulum test for assessment of spasticity met the inclusion criteria. All the suggested methods of implementation were compared and advantages and disadvantages were provided for each sensor technology. An exhaustive list categorized outcome measures in three groups of angle-based, angular velocity-based, and angular acceleration-based measures with all different names and definitions. Conclusions With the aim of providing standardized methodology with replicable and comparable results, sources of dissimilarity and ambiguity among research strategies were found and explained with the help of graphical representation of pendulum movement stages and corresponding parameters on the angular waveforms. We hope using the provided tables simplify the choices when implementing pendulum test for spasticity evaluation, improve the consistency when reporting the results, and disambiguate inconsistency in the literature.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12938-020-00826-8SpasticityWartenberg pendulum testObjective assessmentOutcome measure |
| spellingShingle | Fariborz Rahimi Reza Eyvazpour Nazila Salahshour Mahmood Reza Azghani Objective assessment of spasticity by pendulum test: a systematic review on methods of implementation and outcome measures BioMedical Engineering OnLine Spasticity Wartenberg pendulum test Objective assessment Outcome measure |
| title | Objective assessment of spasticity by pendulum test: a systematic review on methods of implementation and outcome measures |
| title_full | Objective assessment of spasticity by pendulum test: a systematic review on methods of implementation and outcome measures |
| title_fullStr | Objective assessment of spasticity by pendulum test: a systematic review on methods of implementation and outcome measures |
| title_full_unstemmed | Objective assessment of spasticity by pendulum test: a systematic review on methods of implementation and outcome measures |
| title_short | Objective assessment of spasticity by pendulum test: a systematic review on methods of implementation and outcome measures |
| title_sort | objective assessment of spasticity by pendulum test a systematic review on methods of implementation and outcome measures |
| topic | Spasticity Wartenberg pendulum test Objective assessment Outcome measure |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12938-020-00826-8 |
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