Complexes of Cu–Polysaccharide of a Marine Red Microalga Produce Spikes with Antimicrobial Activity
Metal–polysaccharides have recently raised significant interest due to their multifunctional bioactivities. The antimicrobial activity of a complex of Cu<sub>2</sub>O with the sulfated polysaccharide (PS) of the marine red microalga <i>Porphyridium</i> sp. was previously attr...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Marine Drugs |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/20/12/787 |
| _version_ | 1797456567248879616 |
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| author | Nofar Yehuda Levi A. Gheber Ariel Kushmaro Shoshana (Mails) Arad |
| author_facet | Nofar Yehuda Levi A. Gheber Ariel Kushmaro Shoshana (Mails) Arad |
| author_sort | Nofar Yehuda |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Metal–polysaccharides have recently raised significant interest due to their multifunctional bioactivities. The antimicrobial activity of a complex of Cu<sub>2</sub>O with the sulfated polysaccharide (PS) of the marine red microalga <i>Porphyridium</i> sp. was previously attributed to spikes formed on the complex surface (roughness). This hypothesis was further examined here using other Cu–PS complexes (i.e., monovalent-Cu<sub>2</sub>O, CuCl and divalent-CuO, CuCl<sub>2</sub>). The nanostructure parameters of the monovalent complexes, namely, longer spikes (1000 nm) and greater density (2000–5000 spikes/µm<sup>2</sup>) were found to be related to the superior inhibition of microbial growth and viability and biofilm formation. When <i>Escherichia coli</i> TV1061, used as a bioluminescent test organism, was exposed to the monovalent Cu–PS complexes, enhanced bioluminescence accumulation was observed, probably due to membrane perforation by the spikes on the surface of the complexes and consequent cytoplasmic leakage. In addition, differences were found in the surface chemistry of the monovalent and divalent Cu–PS complexes, with the monovalent Cu–PS complexes exhibiting greater stability (ζ-potential, FTIR spectra, and leaching out), which could be related to spike formation. This study thus supports our hypothesis that the spikes protruding from the monovalent Cu–PS surfaces, as characterized by their aspect ratio, are responsible for the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of the complexes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:09:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-08fb37af471648f584551430e7403ad4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1660-3397 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:09:40Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Marine Drugs |
| spelling | doaj.art-08fb37af471648f584551430e7403ad42023-11-24T16:20:11ZengMDPI AGMarine Drugs1660-33972022-12-01201278710.3390/md20120787Complexes of Cu–Polysaccharide of a Marine Red Microalga Produce Spikes with Antimicrobial ActivityNofar Yehuda0Levi A. Gheber1Ariel Kushmaro2Shoshana (Mails) Arad3Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, IsraelAvram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, IsraelAvram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, IsraelAvram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, IsraelMetal–polysaccharides have recently raised significant interest due to their multifunctional bioactivities. The antimicrobial activity of a complex of Cu<sub>2</sub>O with the sulfated polysaccharide (PS) of the marine red microalga <i>Porphyridium</i> sp. was previously attributed to spikes formed on the complex surface (roughness). This hypothesis was further examined here using other Cu–PS complexes (i.e., monovalent-Cu<sub>2</sub>O, CuCl and divalent-CuO, CuCl<sub>2</sub>). The nanostructure parameters of the monovalent complexes, namely, longer spikes (1000 nm) and greater density (2000–5000 spikes/µm<sup>2</sup>) were found to be related to the superior inhibition of microbial growth and viability and biofilm formation. When <i>Escherichia coli</i> TV1061, used as a bioluminescent test organism, was exposed to the monovalent Cu–PS complexes, enhanced bioluminescence accumulation was observed, probably due to membrane perforation by the spikes on the surface of the complexes and consequent cytoplasmic leakage. In addition, differences were found in the surface chemistry of the monovalent and divalent Cu–PS complexes, with the monovalent Cu–PS complexes exhibiting greater stability (ζ-potential, FTIR spectra, and leaching out), which could be related to spike formation. This study thus supports our hypothesis that the spikes protruding from the monovalent Cu–PS surfaces, as characterized by their aspect ratio, are responsible for the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of the complexes.https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/20/12/787sulfated polysaccharidesred microalgaemetal complexesantimicrobial activitiesspike formationbiomaterials |
| spellingShingle | Nofar Yehuda Levi A. Gheber Ariel Kushmaro Shoshana (Mails) Arad Complexes of Cu–Polysaccharide of a Marine Red Microalga Produce Spikes with Antimicrobial Activity Marine Drugs sulfated polysaccharides red microalgae metal complexes antimicrobial activities spike formation biomaterials |
| title | Complexes of Cu–Polysaccharide of a Marine Red Microalga Produce Spikes with Antimicrobial Activity |
| title_full | Complexes of Cu–Polysaccharide of a Marine Red Microalga Produce Spikes with Antimicrobial Activity |
| title_fullStr | Complexes of Cu–Polysaccharide of a Marine Red Microalga Produce Spikes with Antimicrobial Activity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Complexes of Cu–Polysaccharide of a Marine Red Microalga Produce Spikes with Antimicrobial Activity |
| title_short | Complexes of Cu–Polysaccharide of a Marine Red Microalga Produce Spikes with Antimicrobial Activity |
| title_sort | complexes of cu polysaccharide of a marine red microalga produce spikes with antimicrobial activity |
| topic | sulfated polysaccharides red microalgae metal complexes antimicrobial activities spike formation biomaterials |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/20/12/787 |
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