Temporal variations of de facto wastewater reuse and disinfection by-products in public water systems in the Shenandoah River watershed, USA
Temporal variations of de facto wastewater reuse are relevant to public drinking water systems (PWSs) that obtain water from surface sources. Variations in wastewater discharge flows, streamflow, de facto reuse, and disinfection by-products (DBPs – trihalomethane-4 [THM4] and haloacetic acid-5 [HAA5...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IWA Publishing
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Water Practice and Technology |
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| Online Access: | http://wpt.iwaponline.com/content/16/4/1434 |
| _version_ | 1818981999119958016 |
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| author | Richard J. Weisman Larry B. Barber Kaycee E. Faunce Jennifer L. Rapp Celso M. Ferreira |
| author_facet | Richard J. Weisman Larry B. Barber Kaycee E. Faunce Jennifer L. Rapp Celso M. Ferreira |
| author_sort | Richard J. Weisman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Temporal variations of de facto wastewater reuse are relevant to public drinking water systems (PWSs) that obtain water from surface sources. Variations in wastewater discharge flows, streamflow, de facto reuse, and disinfection by-products (DBPs – trihalomethane-4 [THM4] and haloacetic acid-5 [HAA5]) over an 18-year period were examined at 11 PWSs in the Shenandoah River watershed, using more than 25,000 data records, in gaged and ungaged reaches. The relationship of de facto reuse with DBPs by year and quarter at the PWSs was examined. A linear relationship was found between THM4 and de facto reuse on an annual average basis (p = 0.050), as well as in quarters 3 (July – September) (p = 0.032) and 4 (October – December) (p = 0.031). Using a t-test (p < 0.05), the study also showed that there were significant differences in DBP levels for PWSs relative to 1% de facto reuse. This was found for THM4 based on annual average and quarter 1 (January – March) data, and for HAA5 based on quarter 3 data during the period of record. HIGHLIGHTS
De facto wastewater reuse demonstrates temporal variations.;
Wastewater related to use as an indicator of precursors for disinfection byproducts.;
De facto reuse related to trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids in drinking water water systems.;
Threshold value for de facto wastewater reuse and safe drinking water.;
Data to help inform decision-making about wastewater reuse to improve downstream water quality.; |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T17:40:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-08fea825a2ab438aa7b5cb9c516e40fd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1751-231X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T17:40:14Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | IWA Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water Practice and Technology |
| spelling | doaj.art-08fea825a2ab438aa7b5cb9c516e40fd2022-12-21T19:31:07ZengIWA PublishingWater Practice and Technology1751-231X2021-10-011641434144510.2166/wpt.2021.076076Temporal variations of de facto wastewater reuse and disinfection by-products in public water systems in the Shenandoah River watershed, USARichard J. Weisman0Larry B. Barber1Kaycee E. Faunce2Jennifer L. Rapp3Celso M. Ferreira4 Department of Civil, Environmental and Infrastructure Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA U.S. Geological Survey, Boulder, CO, USA U.S. Geological Survey, Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center, Richmond, VA, USA U.S. Geological Survey, Water Mission Area, Richmond, VA, USA Department of Civil, Environmental and Infrastructure Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA Temporal variations of de facto wastewater reuse are relevant to public drinking water systems (PWSs) that obtain water from surface sources. Variations in wastewater discharge flows, streamflow, de facto reuse, and disinfection by-products (DBPs – trihalomethane-4 [THM4] and haloacetic acid-5 [HAA5]) over an 18-year period were examined at 11 PWSs in the Shenandoah River watershed, using more than 25,000 data records, in gaged and ungaged reaches. The relationship of de facto reuse with DBPs by year and quarter at the PWSs was examined. A linear relationship was found between THM4 and de facto reuse on an annual average basis (p = 0.050), as well as in quarters 3 (July – September) (p = 0.032) and 4 (October – December) (p = 0.031). Using a t-test (p < 0.05), the study also showed that there were significant differences in DBP levels for PWSs relative to 1% de facto reuse. This was found for THM4 based on annual average and quarter 1 (January – March) data, and for HAA5 based on quarter 3 data during the period of record. HIGHLIGHTS De facto wastewater reuse demonstrates temporal variations.; Wastewater related to use as an indicator of precursors for disinfection byproducts.; De facto reuse related to trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids in drinking water water systems.; Threshold value for de facto wastewater reuse and safe drinking water.; Data to help inform decision-making about wastewater reuse to improve downstream water quality.;http://wpt.iwaponline.com/content/16/4/1434dbpde facto reusedrinking watertrihalomethaneswater |
| spellingShingle | Richard J. Weisman Larry B. Barber Kaycee E. Faunce Jennifer L. Rapp Celso M. Ferreira Temporal variations of de facto wastewater reuse and disinfection by-products in public water systems in the Shenandoah River watershed, USA Water Practice and Technology dbp de facto reuse drinking water trihalomethanes water |
| title | Temporal variations of de facto wastewater reuse and disinfection by-products in public water systems in the Shenandoah River watershed, USA |
| title_full | Temporal variations of de facto wastewater reuse and disinfection by-products in public water systems in the Shenandoah River watershed, USA |
| title_fullStr | Temporal variations of de facto wastewater reuse and disinfection by-products in public water systems in the Shenandoah River watershed, USA |
| title_full_unstemmed | Temporal variations of de facto wastewater reuse and disinfection by-products in public water systems in the Shenandoah River watershed, USA |
| title_short | Temporal variations of de facto wastewater reuse and disinfection by-products in public water systems in the Shenandoah River watershed, USA |
| title_sort | temporal variations of de facto wastewater reuse and disinfection by products in public water systems in the shenandoah river watershed usa |
| topic | dbp de facto reuse drinking water trihalomethanes water |
| url | http://wpt.iwaponline.com/content/16/4/1434 |
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