Involvement of Netrin/Unc-5 Interaction in Ciliary Beating and in Pattern Formation of the Ciliary Band-Associated Strand (CBAS) in the Sea Urchin, <i>Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus</i>
The GABAergic neural circuit is involved in the motile activities of both larval and juvenile sea urchins. Therefore, its function is inherited beyond metamorphosis, despite large scale remodeling of larval organs during that period. However, the initial neural circuit formation mechanism is not wel...
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MDPI AG
2020-09-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/18/6587 |
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| author | Hideki Katow Kouki Abe Tomoko Katow Hiromi Yoshida Masato Kiyomoto |
| author_facet | Hideki Katow Kouki Abe Tomoko Katow Hiromi Yoshida Masato Kiyomoto |
| author_sort | Hideki Katow |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The GABAergic neural circuit is involved in the motile activities of both larval and juvenile sea urchins. Therefore, its function is inherited beyond metamorphosis, despite large scale remodeling of larval organs during that period. However, the initial neural circuit formation mechanism is not well understood, including how glutamate decarboxylase-expressing blastocoelar cells (GADCs) construct the neural circuit along the circumoral ciliary band (a ciliary band-associated strand, CBAS) on the larval body surface. In this study, using whole-mount immunohistochemistry and 3D reconstructed imaging, the ontogenic process of CBAS patterning was studied by focusing on Netrin and the interaction with its receptor, Unc-5. During the early 2-arm pluteus stage, a small number of GADCs egress onto the apical surface of the larval ectoderm. Then, they line up on the circumoral side of the ciliary band, and by being inserted by a further number of GADCs, form longer multicellular strands along the Netrin stripe. Application of a synthetic peptide, CRFNMELYKLSGRKSGGVC of Hp-Netrin, that binds to the immunoglobulin domain of Unc-5 during the prism stage, causes stunted CBAS formation due to inhibition of GADC egression. This also results in reduced ciliary beating. Thus, the Netrin/Unc-5 interaction is involved in the construction and function of the CBAS. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:28:15Z |
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| id | doaj.art-092e1661a15c45ad9701c69cead01888 |
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| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:28:15Z |
| publishDate | 2020-09-01 |
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| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-092e1661a15c45ad9701c69cead018882023-11-20T13:03:56ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672020-09-012118658710.3390/ijms21186587Involvement of Netrin/Unc-5 Interaction in Ciliary Beating and in Pattern Formation of the Ciliary Band-Associated Strand (CBAS) in the Sea Urchin, <i>Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus</i>Hideki Katow0Kouki Abe1Tomoko Katow2Hiromi Yoshida3Masato Kiyomoto4Research Center for Marine Biology, Tohoku University, Asamushi, Aomori 039-3501, JapanResearch Center for Marine Biology, Tohoku University, Asamushi, Aomori 039-3501, JapanResearch Center for Marine Biology, Tohoku University, Asamushi, Aomori 039-3501, JapanInstitute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, JapanInstitute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, JapanThe GABAergic neural circuit is involved in the motile activities of both larval and juvenile sea urchins. Therefore, its function is inherited beyond metamorphosis, despite large scale remodeling of larval organs during that period. However, the initial neural circuit formation mechanism is not well understood, including how glutamate decarboxylase-expressing blastocoelar cells (GADCs) construct the neural circuit along the circumoral ciliary band (a ciliary band-associated strand, CBAS) on the larval body surface. In this study, using whole-mount immunohistochemistry and 3D reconstructed imaging, the ontogenic process of CBAS patterning was studied by focusing on Netrin and the interaction with its receptor, Unc-5. During the early 2-arm pluteus stage, a small number of GADCs egress onto the apical surface of the larval ectoderm. Then, they line up on the circumoral side of the ciliary band, and by being inserted by a further number of GADCs, form longer multicellular strands along the Netrin stripe. Application of a synthetic peptide, CRFNMELYKLSGRKSGGVC of Hp-Netrin, that binds to the immunoglobulin domain of Unc-5 during the prism stage, causes stunted CBAS formation due to inhibition of GADC egression. This also results in reduced ciliary beating. Thus, the Netrin/Unc-5 interaction is involved in the construction and function of the CBAS.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/18/6587CBASpattern formationNetrin/Unc-5 interaction3D reconstructionsea urchin larva |
| spellingShingle | Hideki Katow Kouki Abe Tomoko Katow Hiromi Yoshida Masato Kiyomoto Involvement of Netrin/Unc-5 Interaction in Ciliary Beating and in Pattern Formation of the Ciliary Band-Associated Strand (CBAS) in the Sea Urchin, <i>Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus</i> International Journal of Molecular Sciences CBAS pattern formation Netrin/Unc-5 interaction 3D reconstruction sea urchin larva |
| title | Involvement of Netrin/Unc-5 Interaction in Ciliary Beating and in Pattern Formation of the Ciliary Band-Associated Strand (CBAS) in the Sea Urchin, <i>Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus</i> |
| title_full | Involvement of Netrin/Unc-5 Interaction in Ciliary Beating and in Pattern Formation of the Ciliary Band-Associated Strand (CBAS) in the Sea Urchin, <i>Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus</i> |
| title_fullStr | Involvement of Netrin/Unc-5 Interaction in Ciliary Beating and in Pattern Formation of the Ciliary Band-Associated Strand (CBAS) in the Sea Urchin, <i>Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Involvement of Netrin/Unc-5 Interaction in Ciliary Beating and in Pattern Formation of the Ciliary Band-Associated Strand (CBAS) in the Sea Urchin, <i>Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus</i> |
| title_short | Involvement of Netrin/Unc-5 Interaction in Ciliary Beating and in Pattern Formation of the Ciliary Band-Associated Strand (CBAS) in the Sea Urchin, <i>Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus</i> |
| title_sort | involvement of netrin unc 5 interaction in ciliary beating and in pattern formation of the ciliary band associated strand cbas in the sea urchin i hemicentrotus pulcherrimus i |
| topic | CBAS pattern formation Netrin/Unc-5 interaction 3D reconstruction sea urchin larva |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/18/6587 |
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