Microcystin-LR (MCLR) Induces a Compensation of PP2A Activity Mediated by α4 Protein in HEK293 Cells
<p>Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a major protein phosphatase with important cell functions. Known and utilized as a potent inhibitor of PP2A, microcystin-LR (MCLR) targets PP2A as a core element that affects numerous cellular mechanisms. But apart from direct inhibition, the exact effect of...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Ivyspring International Publisher
2011-01-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Biological Sciences |
| Online Access: | http://www.biolsci.org/v07p0740.htm |
| _version_ | 1811317176437571584 |
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| author | Tan Li, Pu Huang, Jing Liang, Wenyu Fu, Zonglou Guo, Lihong Xu |
| author_facet | Tan Li, Pu Huang, Jing Liang, Wenyu Fu, Zonglou Guo, Lihong Xu |
| author_sort | Tan Li, Pu Huang, Jing Liang, Wenyu Fu, Zonglou Guo, Lihong Xu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a major protein phosphatase with important cell functions. Known and utilized as a potent inhibitor of PP2A, microcystin-LR (MCLR) targets PP2A as a core element that affects numerous cellular mechanisms. But apart from direct inhibition, the exact effect of MCLR on PP2A in cell is largely unknown, specifically with regard to cellular response and autoregulation. Here, we show that a low concentration of MCLR stimulates, rather than inhibits, PP2A activity in HEK293 cells. Immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence assays reveal that the catalytic subunit and a regulatory subunit of PP2A, termed <i>α</i>4, dissociate from inactive complex upon MCLR exposure, suggesting that the released catalytic subunit regains activity and thereby compensates the activity loss. At high concentrations of MCLR, PP2A activity decreases along with dissociation of the core enzyme and altered post-translational modification of its catalytic subunit. In addition, the dissociation of <i>α</i>4 and PP2A may contribute to destabilization of HEK293 cells cytoskeleton architecture, detachment to extracellular matrix and further anoikis. Our data provide a novel PP2A upregulation mechanism and challenge the recognition of MCLR only as a PP2A inhibitor in cells.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T12:03:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-093268ee8df64457a0c30dd68a746267 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1449-2288 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T12:03:24Z |
| publishDate | 2011-01-01 |
| publisher | Ivyspring International Publisher |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Biological Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-093268ee8df64457a0c30dd68a7462672022-12-22T02:47:43ZengIvyspring International PublisherInternational Journal of Biological Sciences1449-22882011-01-0176740752Microcystin-LR (MCLR) Induces a Compensation of PP2A Activity Mediated by α4 Protein in HEK293 CellsTan Li, Pu Huang, Jing Liang, Wenyu Fu, Zonglou Guo, Lihong Xu<p>Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a major protein phosphatase with important cell functions. Known and utilized as a potent inhibitor of PP2A, microcystin-LR (MCLR) targets PP2A as a core element that affects numerous cellular mechanisms. But apart from direct inhibition, the exact effect of MCLR on PP2A in cell is largely unknown, specifically with regard to cellular response and autoregulation. Here, we show that a low concentration of MCLR stimulates, rather than inhibits, PP2A activity in HEK293 cells. Immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence assays reveal that the catalytic subunit and a regulatory subunit of PP2A, termed <i>α</i>4, dissociate from inactive complex upon MCLR exposure, suggesting that the released catalytic subunit regains activity and thereby compensates the activity loss. At high concentrations of MCLR, PP2A activity decreases along with dissociation of the core enzyme and altered post-translational modification of its catalytic subunit. In addition, the dissociation of <i>α</i>4 and PP2A may contribute to destabilization of HEK293 cells cytoskeleton architecture, detachment to extracellular matrix and further anoikis. Our data provide a novel PP2A upregulation mechanism and challenge the recognition of MCLR only as a PP2A inhibitor in cells.</p>http://www.biolsci.org/v07p0740.htm |
| spellingShingle | Tan Li, Pu Huang, Jing Liang, Wenyu Fu, Zonglou Guo, Lihong Xu Microcystin-LR (MCLR) Induces a Compensation of PP2A Activity Mediated by α4 Protein in HEK293 Cells International Journal of Biological Sciences |
| title | Microcystin-LR (MCLR) Induces a Compensation of PP2A Activity Mediated by α4 Protein in HEK293 Cells |
| title_full | Microcystin-LR (MCLR) Induces a Compensation of PP2A Activity Mediated by α4 Protein in HEK293 Cells |
| title_fullStr | Microcystin-LR (MCLR) Induces a Compensation of PP2A Activity Mediated by α4 Protein in HEK293 Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Microcystin-LR (MCLR) Induces a Compensation of PP2A Activity Mediated by α4 Protein in HEK293 Cells |
| title_short | Microcystin-LR (MCLR) Induces a Compensation of PP2A Activity Mediated by α4 Protein in HEK293 Cells |
| title_sort | microcystin lr mclr induces a compensation of pp2a activity mediated by 945 4 protein in hek293 cells |
| url | http://www.biolsci.org/v07p0740.htm |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT tanlipuhuangjingliangwenyufuzonglouguolihongxu microcystinlrmclrinducesacompensationofpp2aactivitymediatedby9454proteininhek293cells |