Exploring the link between particulate matter pollution and acute respiratory infection risk in children using generalized estimating equations analysis: a robust statistical approach
Abstract Background India is facing a burdensome public health challenge due to air pollution, with a particularly high burden of acute respiratory infections (ARI) among children. To address this issue, our study aims to evaluate the association between exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) a...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2024-01-01
|
| Series: | Environmental Health |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-024-01049-3 |
| _version_ | 1797276307961151488 |
|---|---|
| author | Mihir Adhikary Piyasa Mal Nandita Saikia |
| author_facet | Mihir Adhikary Piyasa Mal Nandita Saikia |
| author_sort | Mihir Adhikary |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background India is facing a burdensome public health challenge due to air pollution, with a particularly high burden of acute respiratory infections (ARI) among children. To address this issue, our study aims to evaluate the association between exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ARI incidence in young children in India. Materials and methods Our study used PM2.5 data provided by the Atmospheric Composition Analysis Group at Washington University to assess the association between PM2.5 exposure and ARI incidence in 223,375 children sampled from the 2019–2021 Demographic Health Survey in India. We employed the generalized estimating equation and reported odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for a 10 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5 and quartiles of PM2.5 exposure. Results Each 10 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5 levels was associated with an increased odds of ARI (OR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.19–1.27). A change from the first quartile of PM2.5 (2.5–34.4 µg/m3) to the second quartile (34.5–51.5 µg/m3) of PM2.5 was associated with a two-fold change (OR: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.60–2.66) in the odds of developing ARI. Similarly, comparing the first quartile to the fourth quartile of PM2.5 exposure (78.3–128.9 µg/m3) resulted in an over four-fold increase in the odds of ARI (OR: 4.45, 95% CI: 3.37–5.87). Conclusion Mitigation efforts must be continued implementing higher restrictions in India and to bring new interventions to ensure safe levels of air for reducing the burden of disease and mortality associated with air pollution in India. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T15:26:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-093457ab5a6542a49af19fc4bdbe9b64 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1476-069X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T15:26:23Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Environmental Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-093457ab5a6542a49af19fc4bdbe9b642024-03-05T16:41:27ZengBMCEnvironmental Health1476-069X2024-01-0123111110.1186/s12940-024-01049-3Exploring the link between particulate matter pollution and acute respiratory infection risk in children using generalized estimating equations analysis: a robust statistical approachMihir Adhikary0Piyasa Mal1Nandita Saikia2Department of Public Health and Mortality Studies, International Institute for Population SciencesDepartment of Public Health and Mortality Studies, International Institute for Population SciencesDepartment of Public Health and Mortality Studies, International Institute for Population SciencesAbstract Background India is facing a burdensome public health challenge due to air pollution, with a particularly high burden of acute respiratory infections (ARI) among children. To address this issue, our study aims to evaluate the association between exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ARI incidence in young children in India. Materials and methods Our study used PM2.5 data provided by the Atmospheric Composition Analysis Group at Washington University to assess the association between PM2.5 exposure and ARI incidence in 223,375 children sampled from the 2019–2021 Demographic Health Survey in India. We employed the generalized estimating equation and reported odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for a 10 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5 and quartiles of PM2.5 exposure. Results Each 10 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5 levels was associated with an increased odds of ARI (OR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.19–1.27). A change from the first quartile of PM2.5 (2.5–34.4 µg/m3) to the second quartile (34.5–51.5 µg/m3) of PM2.5 was associated with a two-fold change (OR: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.60–2.66) in the odds of developing ARI. Similarly, comparing the first quartile to the fourth quartile of PM2.5 exposure (78.3–128.9 µg/m3) resulted in an over four-fold increase in the odds of ARI (OR: 4.45, 95% CI: 3.37–5.87). Conclusion Mitigation efforts must be continued implementing higher restrictions in India and to bring new interventions to ensure safe levels of air for reducing the burden of disease and mortality associated with air pollution in India.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-024-01049-3Air pollutionParticulate matterAcute respiratory infectionChild ARIAir pollution in IndiaPollution and health |
| spellingShingle | Mihir Adhikary Piyasa Mal Nandita Saikia Exploring the link between particulate matter pollution and acute respiratory infection risk in children using generalized estimating equations analysis: a robust statistical approach Environmental Health Air pollution Particulate matter Acute respiratory infection Child ARI Air pollution in India Pollution and health |
| title | Exploring the link between particulate matter pollution and acute respiratory infection risk in children using generalized estimating equations analysis: a robust statistical approach |
| title_full | Exploring the link between particulate matter pollution and acute respiratory infection risk in children using generalized estimating equations analysis: a robust statistical approach |
| title_fullStr | Exploring the link between particulate matter pollution and acute respiratory infection risk in children using generalized estimating equations analysis: a robust statistical approach |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exploring the link between particulate matter pollution and acute respiratory infection risk in children using generalized estimating equations analysis: a robust statistical approach |
| title_short | Exploring the link between particulate matter pollution and acute respiratory infection risk in children using generalized estimating equations analysis: a robust statistical approach |
| title_sort | exploring the link between particulate matter pollution and acute respiratory infection risk in children using generalized estimating equations analysis a robust statistical approach |
| topic | Air pollution Particulate matter Acute respiratory infection Child ARI Air pollution in India Pollution and health |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-024-01049-3 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mihiradhikary exploringthelinkbetweenparticulatematterpollutionandacuterespiratoryinfectionriskinchildrenusinggeneralizedestimatingequationsanalysisarobuststatisticalapproach AT piyasamal exploringthelinkbetweenparticulatematterpollutionandacuterespiratoryinfectionriskinchildrenusinggeneralizedestimatingequationsanalysisarobuststatisticalapproach AT nanditasaikia exploringthelinkbetweenparticulatematterpollutionandacuterespiratoryinfectionriskinchildrenusinggeneralizedestimatingequationsanalysisarobuststatisticalapproach |