Performance Tiers within a Competitive Age Group of Young Swimmers Are Characterized by Different Kinetic and Kinematic Behaviors
The present study aimed to analyze swimmers’ in-water kinetic and kinematic behaviors according to different swimming performance tiers within the same age group. An amount of 53 highly trained swimmers (girls and boys: 12.40 ± 0.74 years) were split up into 3 tiers based on their personal best perf...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-05-01
|
| Series: | Sensors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/11/5113 |
| _version_ | 1797596739681648640 |
|---|---|
| author | Catarina C. Santos Nuno D. Garrido Francisco Cuenca-Fernández Daniel A. Marinho Mário J. Costa |
| author_facet | Catarina C. Santos Nuno D. Garrido Francisco Cuenca-Fernández Daniel A. Marinho Mário J. Costa |
| author_sort | Catarina C. Santos |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The present study aimed to analyze swimmers’ in-water kinetic and kinematic behaviors according to different swimming performance tiers within the same age group. An amount of 53 highly trained swimmers (girls and boys: 12.40 ± 0.74 years) were split up into 3 tiers based on their personal best performance (i.e., speed) in the 50 m freestyle event (short-course): lower-tier (1.25 ± 0.08 m·s<sup>−1</sup>); mid-tier (1.45 ± 0.04 m·s<sup>−1</sup>); and top-tier (1.60 ± 0.04 m·s<sup>−1</sup>). The in-water mean peak force was measured during a maximum bout of 25 m front crawl using a differential pressure sensors system (Aquanex system, Swimming Technology Research, Richmond, VA, USA) and defined as a kinetic variable, while speed, stroke rate, stroke length, and stroke index were retrieved and considered as kinematic measures. The top-tier swimmers were taller with a longer arm span and hand surface areas than the low-tier, but similar to the mid-tier. While the mean peak force, speed and efficiency differed among tiers, the stroke rate and stroke length showed mixed findings. Coaches should be aware that young swimmers belonging to the same age group may deliver different performance outcomes due to different kinetic and kinematic behaviors. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:57:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-093a771a42ae4efa904ec87b21ff599b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:57:16Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-093a771a42ae4efa904ec87b21ff599b2023-11-18T08:32:43ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202023-05-012311511310.3390/s23115113Performance Tiers within a Competitive Age Group of Young Swimmers Are Characterized by Different Kinetic and Kinematic BehaviorsCatarina C. Santos0Nuno D. Garrido1Francisco Cuenca-Fernández2Daniel A. Marinho3Mário J. Costa4Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, PortugalResearch Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5000-801 Vila Real, PortugalDepartment of Sports and Computer Science, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Seville, SpainDepartment of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, PortugalCentre of Research, Education, Innovation, and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, PortugalThe present study aimed to analyze swimmers’ in-water kinetic and kinematic behaviors according to different swimming performance tiers within the same age group. An amount of 53 highly trained swimmers (girls and boys: 12.40 ± 0.74 years) were split up into 3 tiers based on their personal best performance (i.e., speed) in the 50 m freestyle event (short-course): lower-tier (1.25 ± 0.08 m·s<sup>−1</sup>); mid-tier (1.45 ± 0.04 m·s<sup>−1</sup>); and top-tier (1.60 ± 0.04 m·s<sup>−1</sup>). The in-water mean peak force was measured during a maximum bout of 25 m front crawl using a differential pressure sensors system (Aquanex system, Swimming Technology Research, Richmond, VA, USA) and defined as a kinetic variable, while speed, stroke rate, stroke length, and stroke index were retrieved and considered as kinematic measures. The top-tier swimmers were taller with a longer arm span and hand surface areas than the low-tier, but similar to the mid-tier. While the mean peak force, speed and efficiency differed among tiers, the stroke rate and stroke length showed mixed findings. Coaches should be aware that young swimmers belonging to the same age group may deliver different performance outcomes due to different kinetic and kinematic behaviors.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/11/5113swimmingyouthtiersbiomechanicssensorsforce |
| spellingShingle | Catarina C. Santos Nuno D. Garrido Francisco Cuenca-Fernández Daniel A. Marinho Mário J. Costa Performance Tiers within a Competitive Age Group of Young Swimmers Are Characterized by Different Kinetic and Kinematic Behaviors Sensors swimming youth tiers biomechanics sensors force |
| title | Performance Tiers within a Competitive Age Group of Young Swimmers Are Characterized by Different Kinetic and Kinematic Behaviors |
| title_full | Performance Tiers within a Competitive Age Group of Young Swimmers Are Characterized by Different Kinetic and Kinematic Behaviors |
| title_fullStr | Performance Tiers within a Competitive Age Group of Young Swimmers Are Characterized by Different Kinetic and Kinematic Behaviors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Performance Tiers within a Competitive Age Group of Young Swimmers Are Characterized by Different Kinetic and Kinematic Behaviors |
| title_short | Performance Tiers within a Competitive Age Group of Young Swimmers Are Characterized by Different Kinetic and Kinematic Behaviors |
| title_sort | performance tiers within a competitive age group of young swimmers are characterized by different kinetic and kinematic behaviors |
| topic | swimming youth tiers biomechanics sensors force |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/11/5113 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT catarinacsantos performancetierswithinacompetitiveagegroupofyoungswimmersarecharacterizedbydifferentkineticandkinematicbehaviors AT nunodgarrido performancetierswithinacompetitiveagegroupofyoungswimmersarecharacterizedbydifferentkineticandkinematicbehaviors AT franciscocuencafernandez performancetierswithinacompetitiveagegroupofyoungswimmersarecharacterizedbydifferentkineticandkinematicbehaviors AT danielamarinho performancetierswithinacompetitiveagegroupofyoungswimmersarecharacterizedbydifferentkineticandkinematicbehaviors AT mariojcosta performancetierswithinacompetitiveagegroupofyoungswimmersarecharacterizedbydifferentkineticandkinematicbehaviors |