Whole-Genome Sequencing Snapshot of Clinically Relevant Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria from Wastewater in Serbia
Wastewater (WW) is considered a source of antibiotic-resistant bacteria with clinical relevance and may, thus, be important for their dissemination into the environment, especially in countries with poor WW treatment. To obtain an overview of the occurrence and characteristics of carbapenem-resistan...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Antibiotics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/12/2/350 |
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| author | Ivana Cirkovic Bruno H. Muller Ana Janjusevic Patrick Mollon Valérie Istier Caroline Mirande-Meunier Snezana Brkic |
| author_facet | Ivana Cirkovic Bruno H. Muller Ana Janjusevic Patrick Mollon Valérie Istier Caroline Mirande-Meunier Snezana Brkic |
| author_sort | Ivana Cirkovic |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Wastewater (WW) is considered a source of antibiotic-resistant bacteria with clinical relevance and may, thus, be important for their dissemination into the environment, especially in countries with poor WW treatment. To obtain an overview of the occurrence and characteristics of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (CR-GNB) in WW of Belgrade, we investigated samples from the four main sewer outlets prior to effluent into international rivers, the Sava and the Danube. Thirty-four CR-GNB isolates were selected for antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). AST revealed that all isolates were multidrug-resistant. WGS showed that they belonged to eight different species and 25 different sequence types (STs), seven of which were new. ST101 <i>K. pneumoniae</i> (<i>bla<sub>CTX-M-15</sub>/bla<sub>OXA-48</sub></i>) with novel plasmid p101_srb was the most frequent isolate, detected at nearly all the sampling sites. The most frequent resistance genes to aminoglycosides, quinolones, trimethroprim-sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline and fosfomycin were <i>aac</i>(6′)-Ib-cr (55.9%), <i>oqx</i>A (32.3%), <i>dfrA14</i> (47.1%), <i>sul</i>1 (52.9%), <i>tet</i>(A) (23.5%) and <i>fos</i>A (50%), respectively. Acquired resistance to colistin via chromosomal-mediated mechanisms was detected in <i>K. pneumoniae</i> (mutations in <i>mgrB</i> and <i>basRS</i>) and <i>P. aeruginosa</i> (mutation in <i>basRS</i>), while a plasmid-mediated mechanism was confirmed in the <i>E. cloacae</i> complex (<i>mcr-9.1</i> gene). The highest number of virulence genes (>300) was recorded in <i>P. aeruginosa</i> isolates. Further research is needed to systematically track the occurrence and distribution of these bacteria so as to mitigate their threat. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:14:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0947aff2d7f64d24bef3d4eaea16964c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-6382 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:14:38Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antibiotics |
| spelling | doaj.art-0947aff2d7f64d24bef3d4eaea16964c2023-11-16T18:43:47ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822023-02-0112235010.3390/antibiotics12020350Whole-Genome Sequencing Snapshot of Clinically Relevant Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria from Wastewater in SerbiaIvana Cirkovic0Bruno H. Muller1Ana Janjusevic2Patrick Mollon3Valérie Istier4Caroline Mirande-Meunier5Snezana Brkic6Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiabioMérieux, R&D Microbiology, Sequencing Platform, F-69280 Marcy-l’Étoile, FranceInstitute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera “Torlak”, 11152 Belgrade, SerbiabioMérieux, R&D Microbiology, Sequencing Platform, F-69280 Marcy-l’Étoile, FrancebioMérieux, R&D Microbiology, Strain Collection & Characterisation, F-38390 La Balme Les Grottes, FrancebioMérieux, R&D Microbiology, Strain Collection & Characterisation, F-38390 La Balme Les Grottes, FranceInstitute for Laboratory Diagnostics “Konzilijum”, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaWastewater (WW) is considered a source of antibiotic-resistant bacteria with clinical relevance and may, thus, be important for their dissemination into the environment, especially in countries with poor WW treatment. To obtain an overview of the occurrence and characteristics of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (CR-GNB) in WW of Belgrade, we investigated samples from the four main sewer outlets prior to effluent into international rivers, the Sava and the Danube. Thirty-four CR-GNB isolates were selected for antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). AST revealed that all isolates were multidrug-resistant. WGS showed that they belonged to eight different species and 25 different sequence types (STs), seven of which were new. ST101 <i>K. pneumoniae</i> (<i>bla<sub>CTX-M-15</sub>/bla<sub>OXA-48</sub></i>) with novel plasmid p101_srb was the most frequent isolate, detected at nearly all the sampling sites. The most frequent resistance genes to aminoglycosides, quinolones, trimethroprim-sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline and fosfomycin were <i>aac</i>(6′)-Ib-cr (55.9%), <i>oqx</i>A (32.3%), <i>dfrA14</i> (47.1%), <i>sul</i>1 (52.9%), <i>tet</i>(A) (23.5%) and <i>fos</i>A (50%), respectively. Acquired resistance to colistin via chromosomal-mediated mechanisms was detected in <i>K. pneumoniae</i> (mutations in <i>mgrB</i> and <i>basRS</i>) and <i>P. aeruginosa</i> (mutation in <i>basRS</i>), while a plasmid-mediated mechanism was confirmed in the <i>E. cloacae</i> complex (<i>mcr-9.1</i> gene). The highest number of virulence genes (>300) was recorded in <i>P. aeruginosa</i> isolates. Further research is needed to systematically track the occurrence and distribution of these bacteria so as to mitigate their threat.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/12/2/350wastewaterantibiotic-resistant bacteriacarbapenemscolistinwhole-genome sequencing |
| spellingShingle | Ivana Cirkovic Bruno H. Muller Ana Janjusevic Patrick Mollon Valérie Istier Caroline Mirande-Meunier Snezana Brkic Whole-Genome Sequencing Snapshot of Clinically Relevant Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria from Wastewater in Serbia Antibiotics wastewater antibiotic-resistant bacteria carbapenems colistin whole-genome sequencing |
| title | Whole-Genome Sequencing Snapshot of Clinically Relevant Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria from Wastewater in Serbia |
| title_full | Whole-Genome Sequencing Snapshot of Clinically Relevant Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria from Wastewater in Serbia |
| title_fullStr | Whole-Genome Sequencing Snapshot of Clinically Relevant Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria from Wastewater in Serbia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Whole-Genome Sequencing Snapshot of Clinically Relevant Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria from Wastewater in Serbia |
| title_short | Whole-Genome Sequencing Snapshot of Clinically Relevant Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria from Wastewater in Serbia |
| title_sort | whole genome sequencing snapshot of clinically relevant carbapenem resistant gram negative bacteria from wastewater in serbia |
| topic | wastewater antibiotic-resistant bacteria carbapenems colistin whole-genome sequencing |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/12/2/350 |
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