Apalutamide-Induced Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis in a Caucasian Patient with Metastatic Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Apalutamide is a novel nonsteroidal androgen receptor inhibitor that has been shown to improve outcomes for patients with nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer when combined with androgen deprivation therapy. Apalutamide-induced skin r...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Karger Publishers
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Case Reports in Oncology |
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| Online Access: | https://beta.karger.com/Article/FullText/532009 |
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| author | Calvin R. Flynn Shun-Chieh Liu Berbie Byrne James Ralph Gabriela Paz Salman Anwar Jemma Buchalter Orla M. Fitzpatrick Trevor Markham Paul Donnellan |
| author_facet | Calvin R. Flynn Shun-Chieh Liu Berbie Byrne James Ralph Gabriela Paz Salman Anwar Jemma Buchalter Orla M. Fitzpatrick Trevor Markham Paul Donnellan |
| author_sort | Calvin R. Flynn |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Apalutamide is a novel nonsteroidal androgen receptor inhibitor that has been shown to improve outcomes for patients with nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer when combined with androgen deprivation therapy. Apalutamide-induced skin rash occurred commonly in clinical trials, with 23.8–27.1% of patients experiencing a rash of any grade, and 5.2–6.3% experiencing a rash of grade three or higher. There were no cases of severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs) such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) or toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) reported in clinical trials; however, there are rare cases reported in the literature with the majority occurring in Asian patients. An 83-year-old Caucasian male was commenced on apalutamide, combined with degarelix, for the management of metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer. During week five of apalutamide treatment, the patient developed a widespread erythematous maculopapular rash. On presentation, the rash affected 80% of his body surface area (BSA) and a diagnosis of a severe cutaneous drug eruption was made. He was commenced on methylprednisolone (MP) therapy. Despite 5 days of MP, the rash continued to deteriorate involving 95% of his BSA. Nikolsky’s sign was positive. A diagnosis of overlap SJS/TEN was made, supported by skin biopsy. His SCORTEN score was three. He was then commenced on intravenous immunoglobulin and transferred to the intensive care unit. Over the coming days, the rash began to stabilise, and his steroid dose was weaned. He was discharged from hospital 38 days after rash onset. We report the first suggested case of apalutamide-induced SJS/TEN in a Caucasian patient. We discuss other cases of apalutamide-induced SCARs reported in the literature. Risk factors seem to include low body weight and Japanese race, as well as short time to onset of rash. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T02:02:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-094c1f451ec946248b136fe7be931845 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-6575 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T02:02:51Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | Karger Publishers |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Case Reports in Oncology |
| spelling | doaj.art-094c1f451ec946248b136fe7be9318452023-09-07T07:56:39ZengKarger PublishersCase Reports in Oncology1662-65752023-08-0116165266110.1159/000532009532009Apalutamide-Induced Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis in a Caucasian Patient with Metastatic Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer: A Case Report and Review of the LiteratureCalvin R. Flynn0Shun-Chieh Liu1Berbie Byrne2James Ralph3Gabriela Paz4Salman Anwar5Jemma Buchalter6Orla M. Fitzpatrick7Trevor Markham8Paul Donnellan9Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, IrelandDepartment of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, IrelandDepartment of Dermatology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, IrelandDepartment of Dermatology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, IrelandDepartment of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, IrelandDepartment of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, IrelandDepartment of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, IrelandDepartment of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, IrelandDepartment of Dermatology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, IrelandDepartment of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, IrelandApalutamide is a novel nonsteroidal androgen receptor inhibitor that has been shown to improve outcomes for patients with nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer when combined with androgen deprivation therapy. Apalutamide-induced skin rash occurred commonly in clinical trials, with 23.8–27.1% of patients experiencing a rash of any grade, and 5.2–6.3% experiencing a rash of grade three or higher. There were no cases of severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs) such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) or toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) reported in clinical trials; however, there are rare cases reported in the literature with the majority occurring in Asian patients. An 83-year-old Caucasian male was commenced on apalutamide, combined with degarelix, for the management of metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer. During week five of apalutamide treatment, the patient developed a widespread erythematous maculopapular rash. On presentation, the rash affected 80% of his body surface area (BSA) and a diagnosis of a severe cutaneous drug eruption was made. He was commenced on methylprednisolone (MP) therapy. Despite 5 days of MP, the rash continued to deteriorate involving 95% of his BSA. Nikolsky’s sign was positive. A diagnosis of overlap SJS/TEN was made, supported by skin biopsy. His SCORTEN score was three. He was then commenced on intravenous immunoglobulin and transferred to the intensive care unit. Over the coming days, the rash began to stabilise, and his steroid dose was weaned. He was discharged from hospital 38 days after rash onset. We report the first suggested case of apalutamide-induced SJS/TEN in a Caucasian patient. We discuss other cases of apalutamide-induced SCARs reported in the literature. Risk factors seem to include low body weight and Japanese race, as well as short time to onset of rash.https://beta.karger.com/Article/FullText/532009apalutamidecase reportprostate cancerdrug therapytoxicity |
| spellingShingle | Calvin R. Flynn Shun-Chieh Liu Berbie Byrne James Ralph Gabriela Paz Salman Anwar Jemma Buchalter Orla M. Fitzpatrick Trevor Markham Paul Donnellan Apalutamide-Induced Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis in a Caucasian Patient with Metastatic Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer: A Case Report and Review of the Literature Case Reports in Oncology apalutamide case report prostate cancer drug therapy toxicity |
| title | Apalutamide-Induced Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis in a Caucasian Patient with Metastatic Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer: A Case Report and Review of the Literature |
| title_full | Apalutamide-Induced Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis in a Caucasian Patient with Metastatic Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer: A Case Report and Review of the Literature |
| title_fullStr | Apalutamide-Induced Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis in a Caucasian Patient with Metastatic Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer: A Case Report and Review of the Literature |
| title_full_unstemmed | Apalutamide-Induced Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis in a Caucasian Patient with Metastatic Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer: A Case Report and Review of the Literature |
| title_short | Apalutamide-Induced Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis in a Caucasian Patient with Metastatic Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer: A Case Report and Review of the Literature |
| title_sort | apalutamide induced toxic epidermal necrolysis in a caucasian patient with metastatic castration sensitive prostate cancer a case report and review of the literature |
| topic | apalutamide case report prostate cancer drug therapy toxicity |
| url | https://beta.karger.com/Article/FullText/532009 |
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