Nitrogen Deficiency-Induced Decrease in Cytokinins Content Promotes Rice Seminal Root Growth by Promoting Root Meristem Cell Proliferation and Cell Elongation
Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) seedlings grown under nitrogen (N) deficiency conditions show a foraging response characterized by increased root length. However, the mechanism underlying this developmental plasticity is still poorly understood. In this study, the mechanism by which N defi...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-04-01
|
| Series: | Cells |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/9/4/916 |
| _version_ | 1797571083659902976 |
|---|---|
| author | Qi Wang Yanchun Zhu Xiao Zou Fengfeng Li Jialiang Zhang Ziyi Kang Xuefei Li Changxi Yin Yongjun Lin |
| author_facet | Qi Wang Yanchun Zhu Xiao Zou Fengfeng Li Jialiang Zhang Ziyi Kang Xuefei Li Changxi Yin Yongjun Lin |
| author_sort | Qi Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) seedlings grown under nitrogen (N) deficiency conditions show a foraging response characterized by increased root length. However, the mechanism underlying this developmental plasticity is still poorly understood. In this study, the mechanism by which N deficiency influences rice seminal root growth was investigated. The results demonstrated that compared with the control (1 mM N) treatment, N deficiency treatments strongly promoted seminal root growth. However, the N deficiency-induced growth was negated by the application of zeatin, which is a type of cytokinin (CK). Moreover, the promotion of rice seminal root growth was correlated with a decrease in CK content, which was due to the N deficiency-mediated inhibition of CK biosynthesis through the down-regulation of CK biosynthesis genes and an enhancement of CK degradation through the up-regulation of CK degradation genes. In addition, the N deficiency-induced decrease in CK content not only enhanced the root meristem cell proliferation rate by increasing the meristem cell number via the down-regulation of <i>OsIAA3</i> and up-regulation of root-expressed <i>OsPLTs</i>, but also promoted root cell elongation by up-regulating cell elongation-related genes, including root-specific <i>OsXTHs</i> and <i>OsEXPs</i>. Taken together, our data suggest that an N deficiency-induced decrease in CK content promotes the seminal root growth of rice seedlings by promoting root meristem cell proliferation and cell elongation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:35:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0951b9ebc948485fbf6d8c0f3b931265 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:35:02Z |
| publishDate | 2020-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-0951b9ebc948485fbf6d8c0f3b9312652023-11-19T21:04:29ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092020-04-019491610.3390/cells9040916Nitrogen Deficiency-Induced Decrease in Cytokinins Content Promotes Rice Seminal Root Growth by Promoting Root Meristem Cell Proliferation and Cell ElongationQi Wang0Yanchun Zhu1Xiao Zou2Fengfeng Li3Jialiang Zhang4Ziyi Kang5Xuefei Li6Changxi Yin7Yongjun Lin8College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaCollege of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaCollege of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaCollege of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaCollege of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaCollege of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaCollege of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaCollege of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Wuhan 430070, ChinaRice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) seedlings grown under nitrogen (N) deficiency conditions show a foraging response characterized by increased root length. However, the mechanism underlying this developmental plasticity is still poorly understood. In this study, the mechanism by which N deficiency influences rice seminal root growth was investigated. The results demonstrated that compared with the control (1 mM N) treatment, N deficiency treatments strongly promoted seminal root growth. However, the N deficiency-induced growth was negated by the application of zeatin, which is a type of cytokinin (CK). Moreover, the promotion of rice seminal root growth was correlated with a decrease in CK content, which was due to the N deficiency-mediated inhibition of CK biosynthesis through the down-regulation of CK biosynthesis genes and an enhancement of CK degradation through the up-regulation of CK degradation genes. In addition, the N deficiency-induced decrease in CK content not only enhanced the root meristem cell proliferation rate by increasing the meristem cell number via the down-regulation of <i>OsIAA3</i> and up-regulation of root-expressed <i>OsPLTs</i>, but also promoted root cell elongation by up-regulating cell elongation-related genes, including root-specific <i>OsXTHs</i> and <i>OsEXPs</i>. Taken together, our data suggest that an N deficiency-induced decrease in CK content promotes the seminal root growth of rice seedlings by promoting root meristem cell proliferation and cell elongation.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/9/4/916cell elongationcell proliferationcytokininnitrogen deficiencyriceroot meristem |
| spellingShingle | Qi Wang Yanchun Zhu Xiao Zou Fengfeng Li Jialiang Zhang Ziyi Kang Xuefei Li Changxi Yin Yongjun Lin Nitrogen Deficiency-Induced Decrease in Cytokinins Content Promotes Rice Seminal Root Growth by Promoting Root Meristem Cell Proliferation and Cell Elongation Cells cell elongation cell proliferation cytokinin nitrogen deficiency rice root meristem |
| title | Nitrogen Deficiency-Induced Decrease in Cytokinins Content Promotes Rice Seminal Root Growth by Promoting Root Meristem Cell Proliferation and Cell Elongation |
| title_full | Nitrogen Deficiency-Induced Decrease in Cytokinins Content Promotes Rice Seminal Root Growth by Promoting Root Meristem Cell Proliferation and Cell Elongation |
| title_fullStr | Nitrogen Deficiency-Induced Decrease in Cytokinins Content Promotes Rice Seminal Root Growth by Promoting Root Meristem Cell Proliferation and Cell Elongation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nitrogen Deficiency-Induced Decrease in Cytokinins Content Promotes Rice Seminal Root Growth by Promoting Root Meristem Cell Proliferation and Cell Elongation |
| title_short | Nitrogen Deficiency-Induced Decrease in Cytokinins Content Promotes Rice Seminal Root Growth by Promoting Root Meristem Cell Proliferation and Cell Elongation |
| title_sort | nitrogen deficiency induced decrease in cytokinins content promotes rice seminal root growth by promoting root meristem cell proliferation and cell elongation |
| topic | cell elongation cell proliferation cytokinin nitrogen deficiency rice root meristem |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/9/4/916 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT qiwang nitrogendeficiencyinduceddecreaseincytokininscontentpromotesriceseminalrootgrowthbypromotingrootmeristemcellproliferationandcellelongation AT yanchunzhu nitrogendeficiencyinduceddecreaseincytokininscontentpromotesriceseminalrootgrowthbypromotingrootmeristemcellproliferationandcellelongation AT xiaozou nitrogendeficiencyinduceddecreaseincytokininscontentpromotesriceseminalrootgrowthbypromotingrootmeristemcellproliferationandcellelongation AT fengfengli nitrogendeficiencyinduceddecreaseincytokininscontentpromotesriceseminalrootgrowthbypromotingrootmeristemcellproliferationandcellelongation AT jialiangzhang nitrogendeficiencyinduceddecreaseincytokininscontentpromotesriceseminalrootgrowthbypromotingrootmeristemcellproliferationandcellelongation AT ziyikang nitrogendeficiencyinduceddecreaseincytokininscontentpromotesriceseminalrootgrowthbypromotingrootmeristemcellproliferationandcellelongation AT xuefeili nitrogendeficiencyinduceddecreaseincytokininscontentpromotesriceseminalrootgrowthbypromotingrootmeristemcellproliferationandcellelongation AT changxiyin nitrogendeficiencyinduceddecreaseincytokininscontentpromotesriceseminalrootgrowthbypromotingrootmeristemcellproliferationandcellelongation AT yongjunlin nitrogendeficiencyinduceddecreaseincytokininscontentpromotesriceseminalrootgrowthbypromotingrootmeristemcellproliferationandcellelongation |