Standardisation of UK Electric Vehicle Charging Protocol, Payment and Charge Point Connection
Standardisation is fundamental to ensuring that new technologies develop and grow unhindered by manufacturer-led standards. Dismissing this vital issue can have a detrimental effect on society regarding adopting new technologies, particularly when government targets and regulations are crucial for t...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Series: | World Electric Vehicle Journal |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2032-6653/12/2/63 |
| _version_ | 1827694250307878912 |
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| author | Keith Chamberlain Salah Al-Majeed |
| author_facet | Keith Chamberlain Salah Al-Majeed |
| author_sort | Keith Chamberlain |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Standardisation is fundamental to ensuring that new technologies develop and grow unhindered by manufacturer-led standards. Dismissing this vital issue can have a detrimental effect on society regarding adopting new technologies, particularly when government targets and regulations are crucial for their success. We have witnessed competing global industries struggle for dominance, such as Betamax versus VHS, where each had a similar user outcome, but the confusion of differing formats slowed growth. We analyse emerging standards for electric vehicle rapid charging and investigate how standardisation challenges affect stakeholders by reviewing the existing literature on single-mode and polymodal harmonisation. By assimilating existing evidence, we then develop a new understanding of the science behind multi-model standardisation (MMS) approaches. Our literature review reveals three primary standardisation issues: (1) charge connections, (2) car to charger communication protocols, and (3) charge payment methods. We then analyse each mode type’s benefit, observing how each example contributes to the overall outcome, and suggest that their impact depends on car to charger handshake timing and intuitive user interaction. Using a structured survey of 282 respondents, we analyse end-user satisfaction for factors affecting growth in the EV sector and compare these findings with the factors identified during our literature review. We consequently articulate a programme for future research to understand EV rapid charger standardisation better, proposing recommendations for vested stakeholders that embrace sponsors in societal, technological and scientific transformation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:01:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0952fefbfcf24ef1a8d34ef2af243431 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2032-6653 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:01:29Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | World Electric Vehicle Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-0952fefbfcf24ef1a8d34ef2af2434312023-11-21T16:54:18ZengMDPI AGWorld Electric Vehicle Journal2032-66532021-04-011226310.3390/wevj12020063Standardisation of UK Electric Vehicle Charging Protocol, Payment and Charge Point ConnectionKeith Chamberlain0Salah Al-Majeed1School of Computer Science and Engineering, College of Science, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN67TS, UKSchool of Computer Science and Engineering, College of Science, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN67TS, UKStandardisation is fundamental to ensuring that new technologies develop and grow unhindered by manufacturer-led standards. Dismissing this vital issue can have a detrimental effect on society regarding adopting new technologies, particularly when government targets and regulations are crucial for their success. We have witnessed competing global industries struggle for dominance, such as Betamax versus VHS, where each had a similar user outcome, but the confusion of differing formats slowed growth. We analyse emerging standards for electric vehicle rapid charging and investigate how standardisation challenges affect stakeholders by reviewing the existing literature on single-mode and polymodal harmonisation. By assimilating existing evidence, we then develop a new understanding of the science behind multi-model standardisation (MMS) approaches. Our literature review reveals three primary standardisation issues: (1) charge connections, (2) car to charger communication protocols, and (3) charge payment methods. We then analyse each mode type’s benefit, observing how each example contributes to the overall outcome, and suggest that their impact depends on car to charger handshake timing and intuitive user interaction. Using a structured survey of 282 respondents, we analyse end-user satisfaction for factors affecting growth in the EV sector and compare these findings with the factors identified during our literature review. We consequently articulate a programme for future research to understand EV rapid charger standardisation better, proposing recommendations for vested stakeholders that embrace sponsors in societal, technological and scientific transformation.https://www.mdpi.com/2032-6653/12/2/63battery-powered electric vehicleEV charging infrastructureelectric vehicle growthbattery-backed electric vehicle chargingcharge point anxietywireless EV charging |
| spellingShingle | Keith Chamberlain Salah Al-Majeed Standardisation of UK Electric Vehicle Charging Protocol, Payment and Charge Point Connection World Electric Vehicle Journal battery-powered electric vehicle EV charging infrastructure electric vehicle growth battery-backed electric vehicle charging charge point anxiety wireless EV charging |
| title | Standardisation of UK Electric Vehicle Charging Protocol, Payment and Charge Point Connection |
| title_full | Standardisation of UK Electric Vehicle Charging Protocol, Payment and Charge Point Connection |
| title_fullStr | Standardisation of UK Electric Vehicle Charging Protocol, Payment and Charge Point Connection |
| title_full_unstemmed | Standardisation of UK Electric Vehicle Charging Protocol, Payment and Charge Point Connection |
| title_short | Standardisation of UK Electric Vehicle Charging Protocol, Payment and Charge Point Connection |
| title_sort | standardisation of uk electric vehicle charging protocol payment and charge point connection |
| topic | battery-powered electric vehicle EV charging infrastructure electric vehicle growth battery-backed electric vehicle charging charge point anxiety wireless EV charging |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2032-6653/12/2/63 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT keithchamberlain standardisationofukelectricvehiclechargingprotocolpaymentandchargepointconnection AT salahalmajeed standardisationofukelectricvehiclechargingprotocolpaymentandchargepointconnection |