Decreased microglial activation through gut-brain axis by prebiotics, probiotics, or synbiotics effectively restored cognitive function in obese-insulin resistant rats
Abstract Background Chronic high-fat diet (HFD) consumption caused not only obese-insulin resistance, but also cognitive decline and microglial hyperactivity. Modified gut microbiota by prebiotics and probiotics improved obese-insulin resistance. However, the effects of prebiotics, probiotics, and s...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2018-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Neuroinflammation |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12974-018-1055-2 |
| _version_ | 1818844929294598144 |
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| author | Titikorn Chunchai Wannipa Thunapong Sakawdaurn Yasom Keerati Wanchai Sathima Eaimworawuthikul Gabrielle Metzler Anusorn Lungkaphin Anchalee Pongchaidecha Sasithorn Sirilun Chaiyavat Chaiyasut Wasana Pratchayasakul Parameth Thiennimitr Nipon Chattipakorn Siriporn C. Chattipakorn |
| author_facet | Titikorn Chunchai Wannipa Thunapong Sakawdaurn Yasom Keerati Wanchai Sathima Eaimworawuthikul Gabrielle Metzler Anusorn Lungkaphin Anchalee Pongchaidecha Sasithorn Sirilun Chaiyavat Chaiyasut Wasana Pratchayasakul Parameth Thiennimitr Nipon Chattipakorn Siriporn C. Chattipakorn |
| author_sort | Titikorn Chunchai |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Chronic high-fat diet (HFD) consumption caused not only obese-insulin resistance, but also cognitive decline and microglial hyperactivity. Modified gut microbiota by prebiotics and probiotics improved obese-insulin resistance. However, the effects of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics on cognition and microglial activity in an obese-insulin resistant condition have not yet been investigated. We aimed to evaluate the effect of prebiotic (Xyloolidosaccharide), probiotic (Lactobacillus paracasei HII01), or synbiotics in male obese-insulin resistant rats induced by a HFD. Methods Male Wistar rats were fed with either a normal diet or a HFD for 12 weeks. At week 13, the rats in each dietary group were randomly divided into four subgroups including vehicle group, prebiotics group, probiotics group, and synbiotics group. Rats received their assigned intervention for an additional 12 weeks. At the end of experimental protocol, the cognitive functioning of each rat was investigated; blood and brain samples were collected to determine metabolic parameters and investigate brain pathology. Results We found that chronic HFD consumption leads to gut and systemic inflammation and impaired peripheral insulin sensitivity, which were improved by all treatments. Prebiotics, probiotics, or synbiotics also improved hippocampal plasticity and attenuated brain mitochondrial dysfunction in HFD-fed rats. Interestingly, hippocampal oxidative stress and apoptosis were significantly decreased in HFD-fed rats with all therapies, which also decreased microglial activation, leading to restored cognitive function. Conclusions These findings suggest that consumption of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics restored cognition in obese-insulin resistant subjects through gut-brain axis, leading to improved hippocampal plasticity, brain mitochondrial function, and decreased microglial activation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T05:21:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0956d9c696914f88a44a159d6cbc8ad3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1742-2094 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T05:21:34Z |
| publishDate | 2018-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Neuroinflammation |
| spelling | doaj.art-0956d9c696914f88a44a159d6cbc8ad32022-12-21T20:34:28ZengBMCJournal of Neuroinflammation1742-20942018-01-0115111510.1186/s12974-018-1055-2Decreased microglial activation through gut-brain axis by prebiotics, probiotics, or synbiotics effectively restored cognitive function in obese-insulin resistant ratsTitikorn Chunchai0Wannipa Thunapong1Sakawdaurn Yasom2Keerati Wanchai3Sathima Eaimworawuthikul4Gabrielle Metzler5Anusorn Lungkaphin6Anchalee Pongchaidecha7Sasithorn Sirilun8Chaiyavat Chaiyasut9Wasana Pratchayasakul10Parameth Thiennimitr11Nipon Chattipakorn12Siriporn C. Chattipakorn13Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai UniversityNeurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai UniversityDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai UniversityCardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai UniversityNeurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai UniversityNeurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai UniversityCardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai UniversityCardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai UniversityFaculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai UniversityFaculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai UniversityNeurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai UniversityDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai UniversityNeurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai UniversityNeurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai UniversityAbstract Background Chronic high-fat diet (HFD) consumption caused not only obese-insulin resistance, but also cognitive decline and microglial hyperactivity. Modified gut microbiota by prebiotics and probiotics improved obese-insulin resistance. However, the effects of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics on cognition and microglial activity in an obese-insulin resistant condition have not yet been investigated. We aimed to evaluate the effect of prebiotic (Xyloolidosaccharide), probiotic (Lactobacillus paracasei HII01), or synbiotics in male obese-insulin resistant rats induced by a HFD. Methods Male Wistar rats were fed with either a normal diet or a HFD for 12 weeks. At week 13, the rats in each dietary group were randomly divided into four subgroups including vehicle group, prebiotics group, probiotics group, and synbiotics group. Rats received their assigned intervention for an additional 12 weeks. At the end of experimental protocol, the cognitive functioning of each rat was investigated; blood and brain samples were collected to determine metabolic parameters and investigate brain pathology. Results We found that chronic HFD consumption leads to gut and systemic inflammation and impaired peripheral insulin sensitivity, which were improved by all treatments. Prebiotics, probiotics, or synbiotics also improved hippocampal plasticity and attenuated brain mitochondrial dysfunction in HFD-fed rats. Interestingly, hippocampal oxidative stress and apoptosis were significantly decreased in HFD-fed rats with all therapies, which also decreased microglial activation, leading to restored cognitive function. Conclusions These findings suggest that consumption of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics restored cognition in obese-insulin resistant subjects through gut-brain axis, leading to improved hippocampal plasticity, brain mitochondrial function, and decreased microglial activation.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12974-018-1055-2XyloolidosaccharideLactobacillus paracasei HII01SynbioticsMicrogliaBrain mitochondrial functionCognitive function |
| spellingShingle | Titikorn Chunchai Wannipa Thunapong Sakawdaurn Yasom Keerati Wanchai Sathima Eaimworawuthikul Gabrielle Metzler Anusorn Lungkaphin Anchalee Pongchaidecha Sasithorn Sirilun Chaiyavat Chaiyasut Wasana Pratchayasakul Parameth Thiennimitr Nipon Chattipakorn Siriporn C. Chattipakorn Decreased microglial activation through gut-brain axis by prebiotics, probiotics, or synbiotics effectively restored cognitive function in obese-insulin resistant rats Journal of Neuroinflammation Xyloolidosaccharide Lactobacillus paracasei HII01 Synbiotics Microglia Brain mitochondrial function Cognitive function |
| title | Decreased microglial activation through gut-brain axis by prebiotics, probiotics, or synbiotics effectively restored cognitive function in obese-insulin resistant rats |
| title_full | Decreased microglial activation through gut-brain axis by prebiotics, probiotics, or synbiotics effectively restored cognitive function in obese-insulin resistant rats |
| title_fullStr | Decreased microglial activation through gut-brain axis by prebiotics, probiotics, or synbiotics effectively restored cognitive function in obese-insulin resistant rats |
| title_full_unstemmed | Decreased microglial activation through gut-brain axis by prebiotics, probiotics, or synbiotics effectively restored cognitive function in obese-insulin resistant rats |
| title_short | Decreased microglial activation through gut-brain axis by prebiotics, probiotics, or synbiotics effectively restored cognitive function in obese-insulin resistant rats |
| title_sort | decreased microglial activation through gut brain axis by prebiotics probiotics or synbiotics effectively restored cognitive function in obese insulin resistant rats |
| topic | Xyloolidosaccharide Lactobacillus paracasei HII01 Synbiotics Microglia Brain mitochondrial function Cognitive function |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12974-018-1055-2 |
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