Dirofilaria immitis in Bulgaria: the first genetic baseline data and an overview of the current status
Dirofilaria immitis, the agent of canine dirofilariosis, is a common parasite of domestic and wild carnivores with zoonotic potential and worldwide distribution, being endemic in many countries. Bulgaria is among European countries recognized as endemic for this heartworm parasite. In the present st...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Sciendo
2020-08-01
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| Series: | Helminthologia |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2020-0026 |
| _version_ | 1797759636867121152 |
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| author | Panayotova-Pencheva M. Šnábel V. Dakova V. Čabanová V. Cavallero S. Trifonova A. Mirchev R. Hurníková Z. Vasilková Z. Miterpáková M. |
| author_facet | Panayotova-Pencheva M. Šnábel V. Dakova V. Čabanová V. Cavallero S. Trifonova A. Mirchev R. Hurníková Z. Vasilková Z. Miterpáková M. |
| author_sort | Panayotova-Pencheva M. |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Dirofilaria immitis, the agent of canine dirofilariosis, is a common parasite of domestic and wild carnivores with zoonotic potential and worldwide distribution, being endemic in many countries. Bulgaria is among European countries recognized as endemic for this heartworm parasite. In the present study, D. immitis adults recovered from pulmonary arteries of domestic dog and golden jackal originating from the Pazardzhik region in southern Bulgaria, and from red fox originating from the Plovdiv region in central-southern Bulgaria, were genetically analyzed in nuclear targets. The first PCR amplification of the internal transcribed region 2 (ITS2) of the ribosomal DNA with previously published D. immitis-specific primers yielded single fragments in size of 302 bp that is characteristic for these heartworms. PCR products of three isolates, resulted from the second amplification of the 5.8S-ITS2 region (235 bp) with pan-filarioid primers, were subjected to direct DNA sequencing. Identical nucleotide composition was detected across the screened target region for these Bulgarian isolates. When the 5.8S-ITS2 sequences were phylogenetically compared to the GenBank-retrieved D. immitis sequences in a worldwide context, the neighbor-joining analysis has shown three discrete clades. The first clade was composed of D. immitis isolates from Europe (including the studied Bulgarian samples), Asia and South America, in the second clade samples from Asia and South America were placed, whereas the third clade was formed by two Brazilian dog isolates originated from the north and southeast part of the country. The purpose of the present study was to verify the taxonomic characterization of D. immitis nematodes from Bulgaria based on morphology and compare their genetic structure with filariae obtained from the different world regions using molecular assays. It also summarizes previous epidemiological and ecological studies on the parasite distribution and prevalences in different hosts and regions undertaken so far in Bulgaria. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T18:47:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-095bfdeaac2045efa2fcd9836d60e5b5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0440-6605 1336-9083 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T18:47:16Z |
| publishDate | 2020-08-01 |
| publisher | Sciendo |
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| series | Helminthologia |
| spelling | doaj.art-095bfdeaac2045efa2fcd9836d60e5b52023-08-02T07:27:41ZengSciendoHelminthologia0440-66051336-90832020-08-0157321121810.2478/helm-2020-0026helm-2020-0026Dirofilaria immitis in Bulgaria: the first genetic baseline data and an overview of the current statusPanayotova-Pencheva M.0Šnábel V.1Dakova V.2Čabanová V.3Cavallero S.4Trifonova A.5Mirchev R.6Hurníková Z.7Vasilková Z.8Miterpáková M.9Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Block 25, 1113Sofia, BulgariaInstitute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 040 11 Košice, Hlinkova 3, SlovakiaInstitute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Block 25, 1113Sofia, BulgariaInstitute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 040 11 Košice, Hlinkova 3, SlovakiaDepartment of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Section of Parasitology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185Rome, ItalySouthwest State Enterprise, 2700Blagoevgrad, Zora 18, BulgariaSouthwest State Enterprise, 2700Blagoevgrad, Zora 18, BulgariaInstitute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 040 11 Košice, Hlinkova 3, SlovakiaInstitute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 040 11 Košice, Hlinkova 3, SlovakiaInstitute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 040 11 Košice, Hlinkova 3, SlovakiaDirofilaria immitis, the agent of canine dirofilariosis, is a common parasite of domestic and wild carnivores with zoonotic potential and worldwide distribution, being endemic in many countries. Bulgaria is among European countries recognized as endemic for this heartworm parasite. In the present study, D. immitis adults recovered from pulmonary arteries of domestic dog and golden jackal originating from the Pazardzhik region in southern Bulgaria, and from red fox originating from the Plovdiv region in central-southern Bulgaria, were genetically analyzed in nuclear targets. The first PCR amplification of the internal transcribed region 2 (ITS2) of the ribosomal DNA with previously published D. immitis-specific primers yielded single fragments in size of 302 bp that is characteristic for these heartworms. PCR products of three isolates, resulted from the second amplification of the 5.8S-ITS2 region (235 bp) with pan-filarioid primers, were subjected to direct DNA sequencing. Identical nucleotide composition was detected across the screened target region for these Bulgarian isolates. When the 5.8S-ITS2 sequences were phylogenetically compared to the GenBank-retrieved D. immitis sequences in a worldwide context, the neighbor-joining analysis has shown three discrete clades. The first clade was composed of D. immitis isolates from Europe (including the studied Bulgarian samples), Asia and South America, in the second clade samples from Asia and South America were placed, whereas the third clade was formed by two Brazilian dog isolates originated from the north and southeast part of the country. The purpose of the present study was to verify the taxonomic characterization of D. immitis nematodes from Bulgaria based on morphology and compare their genetic structure with filariae obtained from the different world regions using molecular assays. It also summarizes previous epidemiological and ecological studies on the parasite distribution and prevalences in different hosts and regions undertaken so far in Bulgaria.https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2020-0026dirofilaria immitisgeneticcladegolden jackalred foxdog |
| spellingShingle | Panayotova-Pencheva M. Šnábel V. Dakova V. Čabanová V. Cavallero S. Trifonova A. Mirchev R. Hurníková Z. Vasilková Z. Miterpáková M. Dirofilaria immitis in Bulgaria: the first genetic baseline data and an overview of the current status Helminthologia dirofilaria immitis genetic clade golden jackal red fox dog |
| title | Dirofilaria immitis in Bulgaria: the first genetic baseline data and an overview of the current status |
| title_full | Dirofilaria immitis in Bulgaria: the first genetic baseline data and an overview of the current status |
| title_fullStr | Dirofilaria immitis in Bulgaria: the first genetic baseline data and an overview of the current status |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dirofilaria immitis in Bulgaria: the first genetic baseline data and an overview of the current status |
| title_short | Dirofilaria immitis in Bulgaria: the first genetic baseline data and an overview of the current status |
| title_sort | dirofilaria immitis in bulgaria the first genetic baseline data and an overview of the current status |
| topic | dirofilaria immitis genetic clade golden jackal red fox dog |
| url | https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2020-0026 |
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