Umbilical cord-derived Wharton’s jelly for regenerative medicine applications
Abstract Background The last decade has seen an explosion in the interest in using biologics for regenerative medicine applications, including umbilical cord-derived Wharton’s Jelly. There is insufficient literature assessing the amount of growth factors, cytokines, hyaluronic acid, and extracellula...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2020-02-01
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| Series: | Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-020-1553-7 |
| _version_ | 1798026210047950848 |
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| author | Ashim Gupta Saadiq F. El-Amin Howard J. Levy Rebecca Sze-Tu Sobrasua E. Ibim Nicola Maffulli |
| author_facet | Ashim Gupta Saadiq F. El-Amin Howard J. Levy Rebecca Sze-Tu Sobrasua E. Ibim Nicola Maffulli |
| author_sort | Ashim Gupta |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background The last decade has seen an explosion in the interest in using biologics for regenerative medicine applications, including umbilical cord-derived Wharton’s Jelly. There is insufficient literature assessing the amount of growth factors, cytokines, hyaluronic acid, and extracellular vesicles including exosomes in these products. The present study reports the development of a novel Wharton’s jelly formulation and evaluates the presence of growth factors, cytokines, hyaluronic acid, and extracellular vesicles including exosomes. Methods Human umbilical cords were obtained from consenting caesarian section donors. The Wharton’s jelly was then isolated from the procured umbilical cord and formulated into an injectable form. Randomly selected samples from different batches were analyzed for sterility testing and to quantify the presence of growth factors, cytokines, hyaluronic acid, and extracellular vesicles. Results All samples passed the sterility test. Growth factors including IGFBP 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6, TGF-α, and PDGF-AA were detected. Several immunomodulatory cytokines, such as RANTES, IL-6R, and IL-16, were also detected. Pro-inflammatory cytokines MCSFR, MIP-1a; anti-inflammatory cytokines TNF-RI, TNF-RII, and IL-1RA; and homeostatic cytokines TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 were observed. Cytokines associated with wound healing, ICAM-1, G-CSF, GDF-15, and regenerative properties, GH, were also expressed. High concentrations of hyaluronic acid were observed. Particles in the extracellular vesicle size range were also detected and were enclosed by the membrane, indicative of true extracellular vesicles. Conclusion There are numerous growth factors, cytokines, hyaluronic acid, and extracellular vesicles present in the Wharton’s jelly formulation analyzed. The amount of these factors in Wharton’s jelly is higher compared with other biologics and may play a role in reducing inflammation and pain and augment healing of musculoskeletal injuries. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T18:32:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-095dfcce7e754380a269980dcd297264 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1749-799X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T18:32:44Z |
| publishDate | 2020-02-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-095dfcce7e754380a269980dcd2972642022-12-22T04:09:24ZengBMCJournal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research1749-799X2020-02-011511910.1186/s13018-020-1553-7Umbilical cord-derived Wharton’s jelly for regenerative medicine applicationsAshim Gupta0Saadiq F. El-Amin1Howard J. Levy2Rebecca Sze-Tu3Sobrasua E. Ibim4Nicola Maffulli5BioIntegrateBioIntegrateBioIntegrateDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia UniversityMorris Brown CollegeDepartment of Musculoskeletal Disorders, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of SalernoAbstract Background The last decade has seen an explosion in the interest in using biologics for regenerative medicine applications, including umbilical cord-derived Wharton’s Jelly. There is insufficient literature assessing the amount of growth factors, cytokines, hyaluronic acid, and extracellular vesicles including exosomes in these products. The present study reports the development of a novel Wharton’s jelly formulation and evaluates the presence of growth factors, cytokines, hyaluronic acid, and extracellular vesicles including exosomes. Methods Human umbilical cords were obtained from consenting caesarian section donors. The Wharton’s jelly was then isolated from the procured umbilical cord and formulated into an injectable form. Randomly selected samples from different batches were analyzed for sterility testing and to quantify the presence of growth factors, cytokines, hyaluronic acid, and extracellular vesicles. Results All samples passed the sterility test. Growth factors including IGFBP 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6, TGF-α, and PDGF-AA were detected. Several immunomodulatory cytokines, such as RANTES, IL-6R, and IL-16, were also detected. Pro-inflammatory cytokines MCSFR, MIP-1a; anti-inflammatory cytokines TNF-RI, TNF-RII, and IL-1RA; and homeostatic cytokines TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 were observed. Cytokines associated with wound healing, ICAM-1, G-CSF, GDF-15, and regenerative properties, GH, were also expressed. High concentrations of hyaluronic acid were observed. Particles in the extracellular vesicle size range were also detected and were enclosed by the membrane, indicative of true extracellular vesicles. Conclusion There are numerous growth factors, cytokines, hyaluronic acid, and extracellular vesicles present in the Wharton’s jelly formulation analyzed. The amount of these factors in Wharton’s jelly is higher compared with other biologics and may play a role in reducing inflammation and pain and augment healing of musculoskeletal injuries.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-020-1553-7Regenerative medicineMusculoskeletal injuriesOsteoarthritisBiologicsUmbilical cordWharton’s jelly |
| spellingShingle | Ashim Gupta Saadiq F. El-Amin Howard J. Levy Rebecca Sze-Tu Sobrasua E. Ibim Nicola Maffulli Umbilical cord-derived Wharton’s jelly for regenerative medicine applications Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research Regenerative medicine Musculoskeletal injuries Osteoarthritis Biologics Umbilical cord Wharton’s jelly |
| title | Umbilical cord-derived Wharton’s jelly for regenerative medicine applications |
| title_full | Umbilical cord-derived Wharton’s jelly for regenerative medicine applications |
| title_fullStr | Umbilical cord-derived Wharton’s jelly for regenerative medicine applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Umbilical cord-derived Wharton’s jelly for regenerative medicine applications |
| title_short | Umbilical cord-derived Wharton’s jelly for regenerative medicine applications |
| title_sort | umbilical cord derived wharton s jelly for regenerative medicine applications |
| topic | Regenerative medicine Musculoskeletal injuries Osteoarthritis Biologics Umbilical cord Wharton’s jelly |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-020-1553-7 |
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