A Novel Directional Antenna for Next-Generation Fare Payment System
The fare payment system for public transportation has developed from coins, paper tickets, magnetic strips, and pre-paid cards to new technologies such as Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) and Near Field Communication (NFC). Most fare payment systems are a fusion of NFC and mobile payment. As th...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IEEE
2023-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Access |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10063848/ |
| _version_ | 1797856459660197888 |
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| author | Dong-Jin Lee Tae-Ki An In-June Hwang |
| author_facet | Dong-Jin Lee Tae-Ki An In-June Hwang |
| author_sort | Dong-Jin Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The fare payment system for public transportation has developed from coins, paper tickets, magnetic strips, and pre-paid cards to new technologies such as Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) and Near Field Communication (NFC). Most fare payment systems are a fusion of NFC and mobile payment. As the latest fare payment system, the studies on gate-free technology without tag action are in progress. The gate-free system has several advantages, such as improving user convenience, eliminating congestion, and preventing the spread of infectious diseases. We introduce a gate-free system using Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) technology as the next-generation fare payment system for public transportation. We propose a smart block structure for a gate-free system and analyze the antenna for this structure. A directional antenna is required for location detection of multiple mobile terminals in the gate-free zone, and an antenna to satisfy the requirements is analyzed. A stacked air-gap patch array that satisfies BLE performance and has high directivity has been proposed within the limited smart block size. To compensate for the low bandwidth of the patch antenna, an air gap is added between the patch radiator and the ground, and the antenna gain is increased by applying a stacked patch on the patch radiator. Based on the proposed antenna and smart block, a gate-free system testbed is installed, and the testing results are presented. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T20:40:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-095e01e3111f47dc928fd02a853c46ca |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T20:40:48Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj.art-095e01e3111f47dc928fd02a853c46ca2023-03-29T23:00:19ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362023-01-0111261632616910.1109/ACCESS.2023.325420810063848A Novel Directional Antenna for Next-Generation Fare Payment SystemDong-Jin Lee0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-869XTae-Ki An1In-June Hwang2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3709-1359Korea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang, South KoreaKorea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang, South KoreaElectromagnetic Wave Metrology Group, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon, South KoreaThe fare payment system for public transportation has developed from coins, paper tickets, magnetic strips, and pre-paid cards to new technologies such as Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) and Near Field Communication (NFC). Most fare payment systems are a fusion of NFC and mobile payment. As the latest fare payment system, the studies on gate-free technology without tag action are in progress. The gate-free system has several advantages, such as improving user convenience, eliminating congestion, and preventing the spread of infectious diseases. We introduce a gate-free system using Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) technology as the next-generation fare payment system for public transportation. We propose a smart block structure for a gate-free system and analyze the antenna for this structure. A directional antenna is required for location detection of multiple mobile terminals in the gate-free zone, and an antenna to satisfy the requirements is analyzed. A stacked air-gap patch array that satisfies BLE performance and has high directivity has been proposed within the limited smart block size. To compensate for the low bandwidth of the patch antenna, an air gap is added between the patch radiator and the ground, and the antenna gain is increased by applying a stacked patch on the patch radiator. Based on the proposed antenna and smart block, a gate-free system testbed is installed, and the testing results are presented.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10063848/Directional antennafare payment systemgate-free systemsmart block |
| spellingShingle | Dong-Jin Lee Tae-Ki An In-June Hwang A Novel Directional Antenna for Next-Generation Fare Payment System IEEE Access Directional antenna fare payment system gate-free system smart block |
| title | A Novel Directional Antenna for Next-Generation Fare Payment System |
| title_full | A Novel Directional Antenna for Next-Generation Fare Payment System |
| title_fullStr | A Novel Directional Antenna for Next-Generation Fare Payment System |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Novel Directional Antenna for Next-Generation Fare Payment System |
| title_short | A Novel Directional Antenna for Next-Generation Fare Payment System |
| title_sort | novel directional antenna for next generation fare payment system |
| topic | Directional antenna fare payment system gate-free system smart block |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10063848/ |
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