Methods to homogenize electrochemical concentration cell (ECC) ozonesonde measurements across changes in sensing solution concentration or ozonesonde manufacturer
Ozone plays a significant role in the chemical and radiative state of the atmosphere. For this reason there are many instruments used to measure ozone from the ground, from space, and from balloons. Balloon-borne electrochemical cell ozonesondes provide some of the best measurements of the ozone...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Copernicus Publications
2017-06-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Measurement Techniques |
| Online Access: | http://www.atmos-meas-tech.net/10/2021/2017/amt-10-2021-2017.pdf |
| _version_ | 1831839223971315712 |
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| author | T. Deshler R. Stübi F. J. Schmidlin J. L. Mercer J. L. Mercer H. G. J. Smit B. J. Johnson R. Kivi B. Nardi B. Nardi |
| author_facet | T. Deshler R. Stübi F. J. Schmidlin J. L. Mercer J. L. Mercer H. G. J. Smit B. J. Johnson R. Kivi B. Nardi B. Nardi |
| author_sort | T. Deshler |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ozone plays a significant role in the chemical and radiative
state of the atmosphere. For this reason there are many instruments used to
measure ozone from the ground, from space, and from balloons. Balloon-borne
electrochemical cell ozonesondes provide some of the best measurements of the
ozone profile up to the mid-stratosphere, providing high vertical resolution,
high precision, and a wide geographic distribution. From the mid-1990s to the
late 2000s the consistency of long-term records from balloon-borne
ozonesondes has been compromised by differences in manufacturers, Science
Pump (SP) and ENSCI (EN), and differences in recommended sensor solution
concentrations, 1.0 % potassium iodide (KI) and the one-half dilution:
0.5 %. To investigate these differences, a number of organizations
have independently undertaken comparisons of the various ozonesonde types and
solution concentrations, resulting in 197 ozonesonde comparison profiles. The
goal of this study is to derive transfer functions to allow measurements
outside of standard recommendations, for sensor composition and ozonesonde
type, to be converted to a standard measurement and thus homogenize the data
to the expected accuracy of 5 % (10 %) in the stratosphere (troposphere).
Subsets of these data have been analyzed previously and intermediate transfer
functions derived. Here all the comparison data are analyzed to compare (1) differences in sensor solution composition for a single ozonesonde type,
(2) differences in ozonesonde type for a single sensor solution composition, and
(3) the World Meteorological Organization's (WMO) and manufacturers'
recommendations of 1.0 % KI solution for Science Pump and 0.5 % KI for
ENSCI. From the recommendations it is clear that ENSCI ozonesondes and
1.0 % KI solution result in higher amounts of ozone sensed. The results
indicate that differences in solution composition and in ozonesonde type
display little pressure dependence at pressures ≥ 30 hPa, and thus the
transfer function can be characterized as a simple ratio of the less
sensitive to the more sensitive method. This ratio is 0.96 for both solution
concentration and ozonesonde type. The ratios differ at pressures < 30 hPa such that OZ<sub>0. 5<i>%</i></sub>/OZ<sub>1. 0 <i>%</i></sub> = 0. 90 + 0. 041 ⋅ log<sub>10</sub>(<i>p</i>) and OZ<sub>SciencePump</sub>/OZ<sub>ENSCI</sub> = 0. 764 + 0. 133 ⋅ log<sub>10</sub>(<i>p</i>) for <i>p</i> in units of hPa. For the manufacturer-recommended
solution concentrations the dispersion of the ratio (SP-1.0 / EN-0.5 %), while
significant, is generally within 3 % and centered near 1.0, such that no
changes are recommended. For stations which have used multiple ozonesonde
types with solution concentrations different from the WMO's and
manufacturer's recommendations, this work suggests that a reasonably
homogeneous data set can be created if the quantitative relationships
specified above are applied to the non-standard measurements. This result is
illustrated here in an application to the Nairobi data set. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-23T05:48:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0960349c3301460e8555433bb4da8be4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1867-1381 1867-8548 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-23T05:48:50Z |
| publishDate | 2017-06-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmospheric Measurement Techniques |
| spelling | doaj.art-0960349c3301460e8555433bb4da8be42022-12-21T17:58:00ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Measurement Techniques1867-13811867-85482017-06-01102021204310.5194/amt-10-2021-2017Methods to homogenize electrochemical concentration cell (ECC) ozonesonde measurements across changes in sensing solution concentration or ozonesonde manufacturerT. Deshler0R. Stübi1F. J. Schmidlin2J. L. Mercer3J. L. Mercer4H. G. J. Smit5B. J. Johnson6R. Kivi7B. Nardi8B. Nardi9Department of Atmospheric Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USAMeteo Swiss, Payerne, SwitzerlandNASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USADepartment of Atmospheric Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USAnow at: National Science Foundation, Geosciences Directorate, Division of Polar Programs, Arlington, Virginia, USAForschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Energy and Climate Research: Troposphere, Jülich, GermanyNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado, USAFinnish Meteorological Institute, Arctic Research, Sodankylä, FinlandDepartment of Atmospheric Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USANardi Scientific, LLC, Denver, Colorado, USAOzone plays a significant role in the chemical and radiative state of the atmosphere. For this reason there are many instruments used to measure ozone from the ground, from space, and from balloons. Balloon-borne electrochemical cell ozonesondes provide some of the best measurements of the ozone profile up to the mid-stratosphere, providing high vertical resolution, high precision, and a wide geographic distribution. From the mid-1990s to the late 2000s the consistency of long-term records from balloon-borne ozonesondes has been compromised by differences in manufacturers, Science Pump (SP) and ENSCI (EN), and differences in recommended sensor solution concentrations, 1.0 % potassium iodide (KI) and the one-half dilution: 0.5 %. To investigate these differences, a number of organizations have independently undertaken comparisons of the various ozonesonde types and solution concentrations, resulting in 197 ozonesonde comparison profiles. The goal of this study is to derive transfer functions to allow measurements outside of standard recommendations, for sensor composition and ozonesonde type, to be converted to a standard measurement and thus homogenize the data to the expected accuracy of 5 % (10 %) in the stratosphere (troposphere). Subsets of these data have been analyzed previously and intermediate transfer functions derived. Here all the comparison data are analyzed to compare (1) differences in sensor solution composition for a single ozonesonde type, (2) differences in ozonesonde type for a single sensor solution composition, and (3) the World Meteorological Organization's (WMO) and manufacturers' recommendations of 1.0 % KI solution for Science Pump and 0.5 % KI for ENSCI. From the recommendations it is clear that ENSCI ozonesondes and 1.0 % KI solution result in higher amounts of ozone sensed. The results indicate that differences in solution composition and in ozonesonde type display little pressure dependence at pressures ≥ 30 hPa, and thus the transfer function can be characterized as a simple ratio of the less sensitive to the more sensitive method. This ratio is 0.96 for both solution concentration and ozonesonde type. The ratios differ at pressures < 30 hPa such that OZ<sub>0. 5<i>%</i></sub>/OZ<sub>1. 0 <i>%</i></sub> = 0. 90 + 0. 041 ⋅ log<sub>10</sub>(<i>p</i>) and OZ<sub>SciencePump</sub>/OZ<sub>ENSCI</sub> = 0. 764 + 0. 133 ⋅ log<sub>10</sub>(<i>p</i>) for <i>p</i> in units of hPa. For the manufacturer-recommended solution concentrations the dispersion of the ratio (SP-1.0 / EN-0.5 %), while significant, is generally within 3 % and centered near 1.0, such that no changes are recommended. For stations which have used multiple ozonesonde types with solution concentrations different from the WMO's and manufacturer's recommendations, this work suggests that a reasonably homogeneous data set can be created if the quantitative relationships specified above are applied to the non-standard measurements. This result is illustrated here in an application to the Nairobi data set.http://www.atmos-meas-tech.net/10/2021/2017/amt-10-2021-2017.pdf |
| spellingShingle | T. Deshler R. Stübi F. J. Schmidlin J. L. Mercer J. L. Mercer H. G. J. Smit B. J. Johnson R. Kivi B. Nardi B. Nardi Methods to homogenize electrochemical concentration cell (ECC) ozonesonde measurements across changes in sensing solution concentration or ozonesonde manufacturer Atmospheric Measurement Techniques |
| title | Methods to homogenize electrochemical concentration cell (ECC) ozonesonde measurements across changes in sensing solution concentration or ozonesonde manufacturer |
| title_full | Methods to homogenize electrochemical concentration cell (ECC) ozonesonde measurements across changes in sensing solution concentration or ozonesonde manufacturer |
| title_fullStr | Methods to homogenize electrochemical concentration cell (ECC) ozonesonde measurements across changes in sensing solution concentration or ozonesonde manufacturer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Methods to homogenize electrochemical concentration cell (ECC) ozonesonde measurements across changes in sensing solution concentration or ozonesonde manufacturer |
| title_short | Methods to homogenize electrochemical concentration cell (ECC) ozonesonde measurements across changes in sensing solution concentration or ozonesonde manufacturer |
| title_sort | methods to homogenize electrochemical concentration cell ecc ozonesonde measurements across changes in sensing solution concentration or ozonesonde manufacturer |
| url | http://www.atmos-meas-tech.net/10/2021/2017/amt-10-2021-2017.pdf |
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