Understanding the Effect of Age on Force Production and Symmetry during Water Exercises: Differences between Young Adults and Older Women
Participants from across the age span participate in water fitness sessions. This challenges instructors to create proper exercise prescriptions. The aim of this study was to understand the effect of age on force production and symmetry during water exercises. Twenty-six women were categorized into...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/13/7904 |
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| author | Catarina C. Santos Susana Soares Mário J. Costa |
| author_facet | Catarina C. Santos Susana Soares Mário J. Costa |
| author_sort | Catarina C. Santos |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Participants from across the age span participate in water fitness sessions. This challenges instructors to create proper exercise prescriptions. The aim of this study was to understand the effect of age on force production and symmetry during water exercises. Twenty-six women were categorized into two groups: (i) young adult (<i>n</i> = 13; 23.61 ± 1.15 years) and (ii) older (<i>n</i> = 13; 67.38 ± 3.48 years). Women performed a horizontal upper limbs adduction during an incremental protocol comprising four music cadences increased every 30 s (105, 120, 135, and 150 b∙min<sup>−1</sup>). A differential pressure system composed of two sensors was used to measure the in-water force and to estimate the symmetry index. Young adults showed higher in-water forces (43–67 N) when compared with their older counterparts (31–55 N). No differences were observed between groups for the symmetry index. The cadences of 105–120 and 120–135 lead to different in-water force of the dominant limb in both groups, while the force of the non-dominant limb showed mix-findings. In conclusion, water fitness instructors should be aware that the same music cadence may trigger different kinetic behaviors in different ages, but without impairing symmetry when exercising at 120–135 b∙min<sup>−1</sup>. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:45:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-096eabaed5ea4256852b891c4c93e27a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:45:45Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-096eabaed5ea4256852b891c4c93e27a2023-11-18T16:13:07ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172023-07-011313790410.3390/app13137904Understanding the Effect of Age on Force Production and Symmetry during Water Exercises: Differences between Young Adults and Older WomenCatarina C. Santos0Susana Soares1Mário J. Costa2Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, PortugalCentre of Research, Education, Innovation, and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, PortugalCentre of Research, Education, Innovation, and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, PortugalParticipants from across the age span participate in water fitness sessions. This challenges instructors to create proper exercise prescriptions. The aim of this study was to understand the effect of age on force production and symmetry during water exercises. Twenty-six women were categorized into two groups: (i) young adult (<i>n</i> = 13; 23.61 ± 1.15 years) and (ii) older (<i>n</i> = 13; 67.38 ± 3.48 years). Women performed a horizontal upper limbs adduction during an incremental protocol comprising four music cadences increased every 30 s (105, 120, 135, and 150 b∙min<sup>−1</sup>). A differential pressure system composed of two sensors was used to measure the in-water force and to estimate the symmetry index. Young adults showed higher in-water forces (43–67 N) when compared with their older counterparts (31–55 N). No differences were observed between groups for the symmetry index. The cadences of 105–120 and 120–135 lead to different in-water force of the dominant limb in both groups, while the force of the non-dominant limb showed mix-findings. In conclusion, water fitness instructors should be aware that the same music cadence may trigger different kinetic behaviors in different ages, but without impairing symmetry when exercising at 120–135 b∙min<sup>−1</sup>.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/13/7904biomechanicspressure sensorsasymmetriescadencehead-out aquatic exercises |
| spellingShingle | Catarina C. Santos Susana Soares Mário J. Costa Understanding the Effect of Age on Force Production and Symmetry during Water Exercises: Differences between Young Adults and Older Women Applied Sciences biomechanics pressure sensors asymmetries cadence head-out aquatic exercises |
| title | Understanding the Effect of Age on Force Production and Symmetry during Water Exercises: Differences between Young Adults and Older Women |
| title_full | Understanding the Effect of Age on Force Production and Symmetry during Water Exercises: Differences between Young Adults and Older Women |
| title_fullStr | Understanding the Effect of Age on Force Production and Symmetry during Water Exercises: Differences between Young Adults and Older Women |
| title_full_unstemmed | Understanding the Effect of Age on Force Production and Symmetry during Water Exercises: Differences between Young Adults and Older Women |
| title_short | Understanding the Effect of Age on Force Production and Symmetry during Water Exercises: Differences between Young Adults and Older Women |
| title_sort | understanding the effect of age on force production and symmetry during water exercises differences between young adults and older women |
| topic | biomechanics pressure sensors asymmetries cadence head-out aquatic exercises |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/13/7904 |
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