Muscular adaptations in swimming scale worms (Polynoidae, Annelida)
Annelids are predominantly found along with the seafloor, but over time have colonized a vast diversity of habitats, such as the water column, where different modes of locomotion are necessary. Yet, little is known about their potential muscular adaptation to the continuous swimming behaviour requir...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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The Royal Society
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Royal Society Open Science |
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| Online Access: | https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.210541 |
| _version_ | 1819018212594941952 |
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| author | Marc C. Allentoft-Larsen Brett C. Gonzalez Joost Daniels Kakani Katija Karen Osborn Katrine Worsaae |
| author_facet | Marc C. Allentoft-Larsen Brett C. Gonzalez Joost Daniels Kakani Katija Karen Osborn Katrine Worsaae |
| author_sort | Marc C. Allentoft-Larsen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Annelids are predominantly found along with the seafloor, but over time have colonized a vast diversity of habitats, such as the water column, where different modes of locomotion are necessary. Yet, little is known about their potential muscular adaptation to the continuous swimming behaviour required in the water column. The musculature and motility were examined for five scale worm species of Polynoidae (Aphroditiformia, Annelida) found in shallow waters, deep sea or caves and which exhibit crawling, occasional swimming or continuous swimming, respectively. Their parapodial musculature was reconstructed using microCT and computational three-dimensional analyses, and the muscular functions were interpreted from video recordings of their locomotion. Since most benthic scale worms are able to swim for short distances using body and parapodial muscle movements, suitable musculature for swimming is already present. Our results indicate that rather than rearrangements or addition of muscles, a shift to a pelagic lifestyle is mainly accompanied by structural loss of muscle bundles and density, as well as elongation of extrinsic dorsal and ventral parapodial muscles. Our study documents clear differences in locomotion and musculature among closely related annelids with different lifestyles as well as points to myoanatomical adaptations for accessing the water column. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T03:15:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-09819095af054bdfa38c940ed31779ac |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2054-5703 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T03:15:50Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | The Royal Society |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Royal Society Open Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-09819095af054bdfa38c940ed31779ac2022-12-21T19:17:50ZengThe Royal SocietyRoyal Society Open Science2054-57032021-10-0181010.1098/rsos.210541Muscular adaptations in swimming scale worms (Polynoidae, Annelida)Marc C. Allentoft-Larsen0Brett C. Gonzalez1Joost Daniels2Kakani Katija3Karen Osborn4Katrine Worsaae5Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, Copenhagen 2100-DK, DenmarkSmithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USAMonterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, 7700 Sandholdt Road, Moss Landing, CA 95039, USAMonterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, 7700 Sandholdt Road, Moss Landing, CA 95039, USASmithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USAMarine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, Copenhagen 2100-DK, DenmarkAnnelids are predominantly found along with the seafloor, but over time have colonized a vast diversity of habitats, such as the water column, where different modes of locomotion are necessary. Yet, little is known about their potential muscular adaptation to the continuous swimming behaviour required in the water column. The musculature and motility were examined for five scale worm species of Polynoidae (Aphroditiformia, Annelida) found in shallow waters, deep sea or caves and which exhibit crawling, occasional swimming or continuous swimming, respectively. Their parapodial musculature was reconstructed using microCT and computational three-dimensional analyses, and the muscular functions were interpreted from video recordings of their locomotion. Since most benthic scale worms are able to swim for short distances using body and parapodial muscle movements, suitable musculature for swimming is already present. Our results indicate that rather than rearrangements or addition of muscles, a shift to a pelagic lifestyle is mainly accompanied by structural loss of muscle bundles and density, as well as elongation of extrinsic dorsal and ventral parapodial muscles. Our study documents clear differences in locomotion and musculature among closely related annelids with different lifestyles as well as points to myoanatomical adaptations for accessing the water column.https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.210541musculatureanatomylocomotionthree-dimensional reconstructiontomography |
| spellingShingle | Marc C. Allentoft-Larsen Brett C. Gonzalez Joost Daniels Kakani Katija Karen Osborn Katrine Worsaae Muscular adaptations in swimming scale worms (Polynoidae, Annelida) Royal Society Open Science musculature anatomy locomotion three-dimensional reconstruction tomography |
| title | Muscular adaptations in swimming scale worms (Polynoidae, Annelida) |
| title_full | Muscular adaptations in swimming scale worms (Polynoidae, Annelida) |
| title_fullStr | Muscular adaptations in swimming scale worms (Polynoidae, Annelida) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Muscular adaptations in swimming scale worms (Polynoidae, Annelida) |
| title_short | Muscular adaptations in swimming scale worms (Polynoidae, Annelida) |
| title_sort | muscular adaptations in swimming scale worms polynoidae annelida |
| topic | musculature anatomy locomotion three-dimensional reconstruction tomography |
| url | https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.210541 |
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