Kevlar<sup>®</sup>, Nomex<sup>®</sup>, and VAR Modification by Small Organic Molecules Anchoring: Transfusing Antibacterial Properties and Improving Water Repellency
The surface modification of fabrics composed of Kevlar<sup>®</sup>, Nomex<sup>®</sup>, or VAR was extensively investigated. Kevlar<sup>®</sup> and Nomex<sup>®</sup> are widely-utilized aramid materials, whereas VAR is a technical fabric comprising 64%...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-07-01
|
| Series: | Molecules |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/14/5465 |
| _version_ | 1797587981226213376 |
|---|---|
| author | Efrosyni Frousiou Efstathios Tonis Georgios Rotas Anna Pantelia Savvas G. Chalkidis Nikolaos S. Heliopoulos Antonia Kagkoura Dionysios Siamidis Angeliki Galeou Anastasia Prombona Kostas Stamatakis Nikos Boukos Georgios C. Vougioukalakis |
| author_facet | Efrosyni Frousiou Efstathios Tonis Georgios Rotas Anna Pantelia Savvas G. Chalkidis Nikolaos S. Heliopoulos Antonia Kagkoura Dionysios Siamidis Angeliki Galeou Anastasia Prombona Kostas Stamatakis Nikos Boukos Georgios C. Vougioukalakis |
| author_sort | Efrosyni Frousiou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The surface modification of fabrics composed of Kevlar<sup>®</sup>, Nomex<sup>®</sup>, or VAR was extensively investigated. Kevlar<sup>®</sup> and Nomex<sup>®</sup> are widely-utilized aramid materials, whereas VAR is a technical fabric comprising 64% viscose, 24% para-aramid (Kevlar<sup>®</sup>), 10% polyamide, and 2% antistatic fibers. Both aramid materials and cellulose/viscose exhibit exceptional mechanical properties that render them valuable in a wide range of applications. For the herein studied modification of Kevlar<sup>®</sup>, Nomex<sup>®</sup>, and VAR, we used small organic molecules 3-allyl-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (ADMH) and 3-(acrylamidopropyl)trimethylammonium chloride (APTAC), which were anchored onto the materials under study via graft polymerization. By doing so, excellent antibacterial properties were induced in the three studied fabrics. Their water repellency was improved in most cases as well. Extensive characterization studies were conducted to probe the properties of the modified materials, employing Raman and FTIR spectroscopies, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:46:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-09824a4dd80c4e89a96171b9e6a4b3c3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:46:35Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-09824a4dd80c4e89a96171b9e6a4b3c32023-11-18T20:42:35ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492023-07-012814546510.3390/molecules28145465Kevlar<sup>®</sup>, Nomex<sup>®</sup>, and VAR Modification by Small Organic Molecules Anchoring: Transfusing Antibacterial Properties and Improving Water RepellencyEfrosyni Frousiou0Efstathios Tonis1Georgios Rotas2Anna Pantelia3Savvas G. Chalkidis4Nikolaos S. Heliopoulos5Antonia Kagkoura6Dionysios Siamidis7Angeliki Galeou8Anastasia Prombona9Kostas Stamatakis10Nikos Boukos11Georgios C. Vougioukalakis12Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, GreeceLaboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, GreeceLaboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, GreeceLaboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, GreeceLaboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece700 Military Factory, Supreme Military Support Command, 50 Anapafseos, 18648 Piraeus, GreeceTheoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, GreeceSiamidis S.A., Industrial Zone, Inofita, 32011 Viotia, GreeceInstitute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Patriarchou Grigoriou E’ & Neapoleos Str., 15341 Agia Paraskevi Attica, GreeceInstitute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Patriarchou Grigoriou E’ & Neapoleos Str., 15341 Agia Paraskevi Attica, GreeceInstitute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Patriarchou Grigoriou E’ & Neapoleos Str., 15341 Agia Paraskevi Attica, GreeceInstitute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Patriarchou Grigoriou E’ & Neapoleos Str., 15341 Agia Paraskevi Attica, GreeceLaboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, GreeceThe surface modification of fabrics composed of Kevlar<sup>®</sup>, Nomex<sup>®</sup>, or VAR was extensively investigated. Kevlar<sup>®</sup> and Nomex<sup>®</sup> are widely-utilized aramid materials, whereas VAR is a technical fabric comprising 64% viscose, 24% para-aramid (Kevlar<sup>®</sup>), 10% polyamide, and 2% antistatic fibers. Both aramid materials and cellulose/viscose exhibit exceptional mechanical properties that render them valuable in a wide range of applications. For the herein studied modification of Kevlar<sup>®</sup>, Nomex<sup>®</sup>, and VAR, we used small organic molecules 3-allyl-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (ADMH) and 3-(acrylamidopropyl)trimethylammonium chloride (APTAC), which were anchored onto the materials under study via graft polymerization. By doing so, excellent antibacterial properties were induced in the three studied fabrics. Their water repellency was improved in most cases as well. Extensive characterization studies were conducted to probe the properties of the modified materials, employing Raman and FTIR spectroscopies, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/14/5465Kevlar<sup>®</sup>Nomex<sup>®</sup>viscosesurface modificationgraft polymerizationwater repellency |
| spellingShingle | Efrosyni Frousiou Efstathios Tonis Georgios Rotas Anna Pantelia Savvas G. Chalkidis Nikolaos S. Heliopoulos Antonia Kagkoura Dionysios Siamidis Angeliki Galeou Anastasia Prombona Kostas Stamatakis Nikos Boukos Georgios C. Vougioukalakis Kevlar<sup>®</sup>, Nomex<sup>®</sup>, and VAR Modification by Small Organic Molecules Anchoring: Transfusing Antibacterial Properties and Improving Water Repellency Molecules Kevlar<sup>®</sup> Nomex<sup>®</sup> viscose surface modification graft polymerization water repellency |
| title | Kevlar<sup>®</sup>, Nomex<sup>®</sup>, and VAR Modification by Small Organic Molecules Anchoring: Transfusing Antibacterial Properties and Improving Water Repellency |
| title_full | Kevlar<sup>®</sup>, Nomex<sup>®</sup>, and VAR Modification by Small Organic Molecules Anchoring: Transfusing Antibacterial Properties and Improving Water Repellency |
| title_fullStr | Kevlar<sup>®</sup>, Nomex<sup>®</sup>, and VAR Modification by Small Organic Molecules Anchoring: Transfusing Antibacterial Properties and Improving Water Repellency |
| title_full_unstemmed | Kevlar<sup>®</sup>, Nomex<sup>®</sup>, and VAR Modification by Small Organic Molecules Anchoring: Transfusing Antibacterial Properties and Improving Water Repellency |
| title_short | Kevlar<sup>®</sup>, Nomex<sup>®</sup>, and VAR Modification by Small Organic Molecules Anchoring: Transfusing Antibacterial Properties and Improving Water Repellency |
| title_sort | kevlar sup r sup nomex sup r sup and var modification by small organic molecules anchoring transfusing antibacterial properties and improving water repellency |
| topic | Kevlar<sup>®</sup> Nomex<sup>®</sup> viscose surface modification graft polymerization water repellency |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/14/5465 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT efrosynifrousiou kevlarsupsupnomexsupsupandvarmodificationbysmallorganicmoleculesanchoringtransfusingantibacterialpropertiesandimprovingwaterrepellency AT efstathiostonis kevlarsupsupnomexsupsupandvarmodificationbysmallorganicmoleculesanchoringtransfusingantibacterialpropertiesandimprovingwaterrepellency AT georgiosrotas kevlarsupsupnomexsupsupandvarmodificationbysmallorganicmoleculesanchoringtransfusingantibacterialpropertiesandimprovingwaterrepellency AT annapantelia kevlarsupsupnomexsupsupandvarmodificationbysmallorganicmoleculesanchoringtransfusingantibacterialpropertiesandimprovingwaterrepellency AT savvasgchalkidis kevlarsupsupnomexsupsupandvarmodificationbysmallorganicmoleculesanchoringtransfusingantibacterialpropertiesandimprovingwaterrepellency AT nikolaossheliopoulos kevlarsupsupnomexsupsupandvarmodificationbysmallorganicmoleculesanchoringtransfusingantibacterialpropertiesandimprovingwaterrepellency AT antoniakagkoura kevlarsupsupnomexsupsupandvarmodificationbysmallorganicmoleculesanchoringtransfusingantibacterialpropertiesandimprovingwaterrepellency AT dionysiossiamidis kevlarsupsupnomexsupsupandvarmodificationbysmallorganicmoleculesanchoringtransfusingantibacterialpropertiesandimprovingwaterrepellency AT angelikigaleou kevlarsupsupnomexsupsupandvarmodificationbysmallorganicmoleculesanchoringtransfusingantibacterialpropertiesandimprovingwaterrepellency AT anastasiaprombona kevlarsupsupnomexsupsupandvarmodificationbysmallorganicmoleculesanchoringtransfusingantibacterialpropertiesandimprovingwaterrepellency AT kostasstamatakis kevlarsupsupnomexsupsupandvarmodificationbysmallorganicmoleculesanchoringtransfusingantibacterialpropertiesandimprovingwaterrepellency AT nikosboukos kevlarsupsupnomexsupsupandvarmodificationbysmallorganicmoleculesanchoringtransfusingantibacterialpropertiesandimprovingwaterrepellency AT georgioscvougioukalakis kevlarsupsupnomexsupsupandvarmodificationbysmallorganicmoleculesanchoringtransfusingantibacterialpropertiesandimprovingwaterrepellency |