Diagnostic Strategies for Brain Doping in an Animal Model via Quantitative Analysis of Neurochemicals
Brain doping is a novel form of doping that involves stimulating specific brain regions to enhance sports performance. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is currently no established provision or detection method for it. As brain stimulation ultimately induces alterations in neurochemical c...
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/10/7/413 |
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| author | Yoeseph Cho Seongeun Jeon Yejin Lee Hana Park Yinglan Xu Mijin Jeon Sunmi Jung Minyoung Kim Ahlim Chin Sang Sun Yoon Junghyun Son |
| author_facet | Yoeseph Cho Seongeun Jeon Yejin Lee Hana Park Yinglan Xu Mijin Jeon Sunmi Jung Minyoung Kim Ahlim Chin Sang Sun Yoon Junghyun Son |
| author_sort | Yoeseph Cho |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Brain doping is a novel form of doping that involves stimulating specific brain regions to enhance sports performance. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is currently no established provision or detection method for it. As brain stimulation ultimately induces alterations in neurochemical concentrations, this study aimed to develop a diagnostic strategy for brain doping. We successfully developed and validated a sensitive simultaneous analysis method for 23 neurochemicals present in urine. Simple derivatization was employed to overcome ionization efficiency, enabling the effective detection of all the target compounds within 5 min. Additionally, we developed an animal model system using rats to replicate brain-doping scenarios and establish a diagnostic strategy. Behavior tests confirmed improved sports performance in the brain stimulation group. By examining changes in the distribution patterns of the target substances in urine samples, we observed that neurochemicals could be used as potential biomarkers for brain-doping diagnosis. The developed method allows the effective simultaneous analysis of multiple neurochemicals in biological samples and is expected to have various applications, including doping control. Thus, changes in the distribution pattern of neurochemicals could serve as a basis for brain-doping diagnosis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:38:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-098619de04d84b948898c12f80314933 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2297-8739 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:38:43Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Separations |
| spelling | doaj.art-098619de04d84b948898c12f803149332023-11-18T21:21:23ZengMDPI AGSeparations2297-87392023-07-0110741310.3390/separations10070413Diagnostic Strategies for Brain Doping in an Animal Model via Quantitative Analysis of NeurochemicalsYoeseph Cho0Seongeun Jeon1Yejin Lee2Hana Park3Yinglan Xu4Mijin Jeon5Sunmi Jung6Minyoung Kim7Ahlim Chin8Sang Sun Yoon9Junghyun Son10Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of KoreaDoping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of KoreaDoping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of KoreaDoping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of KoreaDoping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of KoreaDoping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of KoreaDoping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of KoreaDoping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of KoreaDoping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of KoreaDoping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of KoreaBrain doping is a novel form of doping that involves stimulating specific brain regions to enhance sports performance. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is currently no established provision or detection method for it. As brain stimulation ultimately induces alterations in neurochemical concentrations, this study aimed to develop a diagnostic strategy for brain doping. We successfully developed and validated a sensitive simultaneous analysis method for 23 neurochemicals present in urine. Simple derivatization was employed to overcome ionization efficiency, enabling the effective detection of all the target compounds within 5 min. Additionally, we developed an animal model system using rats to replicate brain-doping scenarios and establish a diagnostic strategy. Behavior tests confirmed improved sports performance in the brain stimulation group. By examining changes in the distribution patterns of the target substances in urine samples, we observed that neurochemicals could be used as potential biomarkers for brain-doping diagnosis. The developed method allows the effective simultaneous analysis of multiple neurochemicals in biological samples and is expected to have various applications, including doping control. Thus, changes in the distribution pattern of neurochemicals could serve as a basis for brain-doping diagnosis.https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/10/7/413brain dopingneurochemicalsliquid chromatography–mass spectrometryanimal model systemdoping diagnosis |
| spellingShingle | Yoeseph Cho Seongeun Jeon Yejin Lee Hana Park Yinglan Xu Mijin Jeon Sunmi Jung Minyoung Kim Ahlim Chin Sang Sun Yoon Junghyun Son Diagnostic Strategies for Brain Doping in an Animal Model via Quantitative Analysis of Neurochemicals Separations brain doping neurochemicals liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry animal model system doping diagnosis |
| title | Diagnostic Strategies for Brain Doping in an Animal Model via Quantitative Analysis of Neurochemicals |
| title_full | Diagnostic Strategies for Brain Doping in an Animal Model via Quantitative Analysis of Neurochemicals |
| title_fullStr | Diagnostic Strategies for Brain Doping in an Animal Model via Quantitative Analysis of Neurochemicals |
| title_full_unstemmed | Diagnostic Strategies for Brain Doping in an Animal Model via Quantitative Analysis of Neurochemicals |
| title_short | Diagnostic Strategies for Brain Doping in an Animal Model via Quantitative Analysis of Neurochemicals |
| title_sort | diagnostic strategies for brain doping in an animal model via quantitative analysis of neurochemicals |
| topic | brain doping neurochemicals liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry animal model system doping diagnosis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/10/7/413 |
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