Combination of Permanent and Variable Load Is Dependent
This study concerns the combination of the permanent and the variable loads in the structural design. The Eurocodes are used as a reference. Three new findings are presented: (1) In each physical structure, and in every load pair of the permanent load and the variable load, the maximum variable load...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-05-01
|
| Series: | Applied Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/10/4434 |
| _version_ | 1797534213809897472 |
|---|---|
| author | Tuomo Poutanen Sampsa Pursiainen Tim Länsivaara |
| author_facet | Tuomo Poutanen Sampsa Pursiainen Tim Länsivaara |
| author_sort | Tuomo Poutanen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study concerns the combination of the permanent and the variable loads in the structural design. The Eurocodes are used as a reference. Three new findings are presented: (1) In each physical structure, and in every load pair of the permanent load and the variable load, the maximum variable load is the service time load, the 50-year load, i.e., the high value of the variable load. Therefore, no load reduction should be applied in the combination. (2) The governing hypothesis is the independent load combination (ILC) with random load pairs and random single loads. However, the load pairs are not independent as normally one variable load occurs simultaneously in multiple structures and in multiple load pairs inducing correlation between the loads, ultimately full correlation, and the dependent load combination (DLC). (3) In the current Eurocodes, the design load combination applies to one load pair only. However, one design load combination virtually always applies to multiple load pairs which demands using the DLC. The authors have explained earlier that the permanent and variable loads should be combined dependently as the ILC contradicts the physics. The new findings support this conclusion. Changing the current codes towards the DLC approach would simplify them and eases their use in the structural design work. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:26:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-098622aec81b43b1b10a47deaacfc9c2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:26:28Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-098622aec81b43b1b10a47deaacfc9c22023-11-21T19:34:10ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172021-05-011110443410.3390/app11104434Combination of Permanent and Variable Load Is DependentTuomo Poutanen0Sampsa Pursiainen1Tim Länsivaara2Civil Engineering, Faculty of Built Environment, Tampere University, P.O. Box 600, FI-33014 Tampere, FinlandInformation Technology and Communication Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 553, FI-33014 Tampere, FinlandCivil Engineering, Faculty of Built Environment, Tampere University, P.O. Box 600, FI-33014 Tampere, FinlandThis study concerns the combination of the permanent and the variable loads in the structural design. The Eurocodes are used as a reference. Three new findings are presented: (1) In each physical structure, and in every load pair of the permanent load and the variable load, the maximum variable load is the service time load, the 50-year load, i.e., the high value of the variable load. Therefore, no load reduction should be applied in the combination. (2) The governing hypothesis is the independent load combination (ILC) with random load pairs and random single loads. However, the load pairs are not independent as normally one variable load occurs simultaneously in multiple structures and in multiple load pairs inducing correlation between the loads, ultimately full correlation, and the dependent load combination (DLC). (3) In the current Eurocodes, the design load combination applies to one load pair only. However, one design load combination virtually always applies to multiple load pairs which demands using the DLC. The authors have explained earlier that the permanent and variable loads should be combined dependently as the ILC contradicts the physics. The new findings support this conclusion. Changing the current codes towards the DLC approach would simplify them and eases their use in the structural design work.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/10/4434load combinationstructural designcode |
| spellingShingle | Tuomo Poutanen Sampsa Pursiainen Tim Länsivaara Combination of Permanent and Variable Load Is Dependent Applied Sciences load combination structural design code |
| title | Combination of Permanent and Variable Load Is Dependent |
| title_full | Combination of Permanent and Variable Load Is Dependent |
| title_fullStr | Combination of Permanent and Variable Load Is Dependent |
| title_full_unstemmed | Combination of Permanent and Variable Load Is Dependent |
| title_short | Combination of Permanent and Variable Load Is Dependent |
| title_sort | combination of permanent and variable load is dependent |
| topic | load combination structural design code |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/10/4434 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT tuomopoutanen combinationofpermanentandvariableloadisdependent AT sampsapursiainen combinationofpermanentandvariableloadisdependent AT timlansivaara combinationofpermanentandvariableloadisdependent |