Characterization of a novel bacteriophage φCJ22 and its prophylactic and inhibitory effects on necrotic enteritis and Clostridium perfringens in broilers
High necrotic enteritis (NE) incidence and mortality rates in poultry can be caused by Clostridium perfringens (CP) coinfected with Eimeria spp., a causative agent of coccidiosis. Banning of prophylactic use of antibiotics in feed has been accompanied by increased NE outbreaks, resulting in economic...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Poultry Science |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579120307707 |
| _version_ | 1818622646060843008 |
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| author | Dongryeoul Bae Jeong-Woo Lee Jong-Pyo Chae Jae-Won Kim Jong-Su Eun Kyung-Woo Lee Kun-Ho Seo |
| author_facet | Dongryeoul Bae Jeong-Woo Lee Jong-Pyo Chae Jae-Won Kim Jong-Su Eun Kyung-Woo Lee Kun-Ho Seo |
| author_sort | Dongryeoul Bae |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | High necrotic enteritis (NE) incidence and mortality rates in poultry can be caused by Clostridium perfringens (CP) coinfected with Eimeria spp., a causative agent of coccidiosis. Banning of prophylactic use of antibiotics in feed has been accompanied by increased NE outbreaks, resulting in economically devastating losses to the broiler industry. To determine alternatives for controlling NE, we isolated CP-specific bacteriophages (BP), characterized their properties, evaluated their inhibitory effects on pathogenic CP, selected a highly effective phage (φCJ22), and used φCJ22 as a dietary supplement in experimental NE-afflicted broiler chickens. Male broilers (n = 780) were randomly assigned to 60 pens (n = 13 broilers/pen) and into 5 groups [CP-uninfected negative control (NC), basal diet (BD) without CP and BP; CP-infected positive control (PC), BD + CP; and 3 BP groups receiving low- (LP; BD + CP+105 BP), medium- (MP; BD + CP+106 BP), and high-phage (HP; BD + CP+107 BP plaque-forming units/kg) concentrations]. The results showed that MP and HP groups presented an antimicrobial activity toward clinical CP isolate strains, and the groups decreased NE lesions and mortality rates without changes in chicken performance at the end of the experimental period. After CP-challenge body weight gain and feed efficiency were significantly lower in phage-fed groups than that in the PC group (P < 0.05), and NE-associated mortality was the lowest in the HP group (P < 0.001). Moreover, histopathology revealed lesser gastrointestinal mucosal damage in the NC and BP-treated (LP, MP, and HP) groups than that in the PC group, and MP and HP significantly lowered viable CP number in the cecum content by up to 1.24log10 relative to only CP-infected PC group (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that addition of φCJ22 to chicken feed might effectively ameliorate NE, which is accompanied by reduced CP strains in the gut and compensate the performance of NE-afflicted broilers. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-16T18:28:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-098cd12516734f228853fd3b0de36919 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0032-5791 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-16T18:28:28Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Poultry Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-098cd12516734f228853fd3b0de369192022-12-21T22:21:21ZengElsevierPoultry Science0032-57912021-01-011001302313Characterization of a novel bacteriophage φCJ22 and its prophylactic and inhibitory effects on necrotic enteritis and Clostridium perfringens in broilersDongryeoul Bae0Jeong-Woo Lee1Jong-Pyo Chae2Jae-Won Kim3Jong-Su Eun4Kyung-Woo Lee5Kun-Ho Seo6KU Center for Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of KoreaCJ Jeiljedang Corp Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of KoreaCJ Jeiljedang Corp Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of KoreaCJ Jeiljedang Corp Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of KoreaKU Center for Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Corresponding author:High necrotic enteritis (NE) incidence and mortality rates in poultry can be caused by Clostridium perfringens (CP) coinfected with Eimeria spp., a causative agent of coccidiosis. Banning of prophylactic use of antibiotics in feed has been accompanied by increased NE outbreaks, resulting in economically devastating losses to the broiler industry. To determine alternatives for controlling NE, we isolated CP-specific bacteriophages (BP), characterized their properties, evaluated their inhibitory effects on pathogenic CP, selected a highly effective phage (φCJ22), and used φCJ22 as a dietary supplement in experimental NE-afflicted broiler chickens. Male broilers (n = 780) were randomly assigned to 60 pens (n = 13 broilers/pen) and into 5 groups [CP-uninfected negative control (NC), basal diet (BD) without CP and BP; CP-infected positive control (PC), BD + CP; and 3 BP groups receiving low- (LP; BD + CP+105 BP), medium- (MP; BD + CP+106 BP), and high-phage (HP; BD + CP+107 BP plaque-forming units/kg) concentrations]. The results showed that MP and HP groups presented an antimicrobial activity toward clinical CP isolate strains, and the groups decreased NE lesions and mortality rates without changes in chicken performance at the end of the experimental period. After CP-challenge body weight gain and feed efficiency were significantly lower in phage-fed groups than that in the PC group (P < 0.05), and NE-associated mortality was the lowest in the HP group (P < 0.001). Moreover, histopathology revealed lesser gastrointestinal mucosal damage in the NC and BP-treated (LP, MP, and HP) groups than that in the PC group, and MP and HP significantly lowered viable CP number in the cecum content by up to 1.24log10 relative to only CP-infected PC group (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that addition of φCJ22 to chicken feed might effectively ameliorate NE, which is accompanied by reduced CP strains in the gut and compensate the performance of NE-afflicted broilers.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579120307707Clostridium perfringensnetBbroiler chickennecrotic enteritisbacteriophage |
| spellingShingle | Dongryeoul Bae Jeong-Woo Lee Jong-Pyo Chae Jae-Won Kim Jong-Su Eun Kyung-Woo Lee Kun-Ho Seo Characterization of a novel bacteriophage φCJ22 and its prophylactic and inhibitory effects on necrotic enteritis and Clostridium perfringens in broilers Poultry Science Clostridium perfringens netB broiler chicken necrotic enteritis bacteriophage |
| title | Characterization of a novel bacteriophage φCJ22 and its prophylactic and inhibitory effects on necrotic enteritis and Clostridium perfringens in broilers |
| title_full | Characterization of a novel bacteriophage φCJ22 and its prophylactic and inhibitory effects on necrotic enteritis and Clostridium perfringens in broilers |
| title_fullStr | Characterization of a novel bacteriophage φCJ22 and its prophylactic and inhibitory effects on necrotic enteritis and Clostridium perfringens in broilers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characterization of a novel bacteriophage φCJ22 and its prophylactic and inhibitory effects on necrotic enteritis and Clostridium perfringens in broilers |
| title_short | Characterization of a novel bacteriophage φCJ22 and its prophylactic and inhibitory effects on necrotic enteritis and Clostridium perfringens in broilers |
| title_sort | characterization of a novel bacteriophage φcj22 and its prophylactic and inhibitory effects on necrotic enteritis and clostridium perfringens in broilers |
| topic | Clostridium perfringens netB broiler chicken necrotic enteritis bacteriophage |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579120307707 |
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