Nanohardness Measurements of CdSiP<sub>2</sub> and ZnGeP<sub>2</sub> Chalcopyrite-Type Nonlinear Optical Crystals
We study the nanohardness and Young’s modulus of randomly oriented CdSiP<sub>2</sub> (CSP) and ZnGeP<sub>2</sub> (ZGP) single crystals, grown via the horizontal Bridgman method. CSP and ZGP are the only two pnictide chalcopyrites widely used as nonlinear optical crystals in t...
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/13/8/1164 |
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| author | Ginka Exner Aleksandar Grigorov Elizabeth Ivanova Peter Schunemann Vladimir Tassev Kevin Zawilski Valentin Petrov |
| author_facet | Ginka Exner Aleksandar Grigorov Elizabeth Ivanova Peter Schunemann Vladimir Tassev Kevin Zawilski Valentin Petrov |
| author_sort | Ginka Exner |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We study the nanohardness and Young’s modulus of randomly oriented CdSiP<sub>2</sub> (CSP) and ZnGeP<sub>2</sub> (ZGP) single crystals, grown via the horizontal Bridgman method. CSP and ZGP are the only two pnictide chalcopyrites widely used as nonlinear optical crystals in the mid-IR part of the spectrum. Nanoindentation is employed in the continuous stiffness mode (45 Hz, 2 nm) using a Berkovich tip. Nanohardness values of 9.9 ± 0.2 GPa (Knoop hardness of 905 kg/mm<sup>2</sup>) for CSP and 11.5 ± 0.1 GPa (993 kg/mm<sup>2</sup>) for ZGP are derived. For Young’s modulus, we obtain 136 ± 2 GPa (CSP) and 150 ± 2 GPa (ZGP). The trend of increasing hardness with bandgap and melting point of the isostructural CSP and ZGP, as deduced from previous measurements, is not confirmed. The results for ZGP are compared to 2GaP, its binary isoelectronic analog, and the values obtained, 11.0 ± 0.3 GPa for the nanohardness and 154 ± 2 GPa for Young’s modulus, indicate good matching within the accuracy limits. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:00:49Z |
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| issn | 2073-4352 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:00:49Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Crystals |
| spelling | doaj.art-098d9c576245492aa9da448b64c43e3f2023-11-19T00:44:11ZengMDPI AGCrystals2073-43522023-07-01138116410.3390/cryst13081164Nanohardness Measurements of CdSiP<sub>2</sub> and ZnGeP<sub>2</sub> Chalcopyrite-Type Nonlinear Optical CrystalsGinka Exner0Aleksandar Grigorov1Elizabeth Ivanova2Peter Schunemann3Vladimir Tassev4Kevin Zawilski5Valentin Petrov6Department of Physics, Faculty of Physics and Technology, Plovdiv University Paisii Hilendarski, 4000 Plovdiv, BulgariaDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Physics and Technology, Plovdiv University Paisii Hilendarski, 4000 Plovdiv, BulgariaDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Physics and Technology, Plovdiv University Paisii Hilendarski, 4000 Plovdiv, BulgariaBAE Systems, P.O. Box 868, MER15-1813, Nashua, NH 03061, USAAir Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), Wright-Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH 45433, USABAE Systems, P.O. Box 868, MER15-1813, Nashua, NH 03061, USAMax Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Ultrafast Spectroscopy, Max-Born-Str. 2a, 12489 Berlin, GermanyWe study the nanohardness and Young’s modulus of randomly oriented CdSiP<sub>2</sub> (CSP) and ZnGeP<sub>2</sub> (ZGP) single crystals, grown via the horizontal Bridgman method. CSP and ZGP are the only two pnictide chalcopyrites widely used as nonlinear optical crystals in the mid-IR part of the spectrum. Nanoindentation is employed in the continuous stiffness mode (45 Hz, 2 nm) using a Berkovich tip. Nanohardness values of 9.9 ± 0.2 GPa (Knoop hardness of 905 kg/mm<sup>2</sup>) for CSP and 11.5 ± 0.1 GPa (993 kg/mm<sup>2</sup>) for ZGP are derived. For Young’s modulus, we obtain 136 ± 2 GPa (CSP) and 150 ± 2 GPa (ZGP). The trend of increasing hardness with bandgap and melting point of the isostructural CSP and ZGP, as deduced from previous measurements, is not confirmed. The results for ZGP are compared to 2GaP, its binary isoelectronic analog, and the values obtained, 11.0 ± 0.3 GPa for the nanohardness and 154 ± 2 GPa for Young’s modulus, indicate good matching within the accuracy limits.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/13/8/1164nanoindentationhardnesschalcopyritesCdSiP<sub>2</sub>ZnGeP<sub>2</sub>GaP |
| spellingShingle | Ginka Exner Aleksandar Grigorov Elizabeth Ivanova Peter Schunemann Vladimir Tassev Kevin Zawilski Valentin Petrov Nanohardness Measurements of CdSiP<sub>2</sub> and ZnGeP<sub>2</sub> Chalcopyrite-Type Nonlinear Optical Crystals Crystals nanoindentation hardness chalcopyrites CdSiP<sub>2</sub> ZnGeP<sub>2</sub> GaP |
| title | Nanohardness Measurements of CdSiP<sub>2</sub> and ZnGeP<sub>2</sub> Chalcopyrite-Type Nonlinear Optical Crystals |
| title_full | Nanohardness Measurements of CdSiP<sub>2</sub> and ZnGeP<sub>2</sub> Chalcopyrite-Type Nonlinear Optical Crystals |
| title_fullStr | Nanohardness Measurements of CdSiP<sub>2</sub> and ZnGeP<sub>2</sub> Chalcopyrite-Type Nonlinear Optical Crystals |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nanohardness Measurements of CdSiP<sub>2</sub> and ZnGeP<sub>2</sub> Chalcopyrite-Type Nonlinear Optical Crystals |
| title_short | Nanohardness Measurements of CdSiP<sub>2</sub> and ZnGeP<sub>2</sub> Chalcopyrite-Type Nonlinear Optical Crystals |
| title_sort | nanohardness measurements of cdsip sub 2 sub and zngep sub 2 sub chalcopyrite type nonlinear optical crystals |
| topic | nanoindentation hardness chalcopyrites CdSiP<sub>2</sub> ZnGeP<sub>2</sub> GaP |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/13/8/1164 |
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