Evaluation of the Antioxidant, Cytotoxicity, Antibacterial, Anti-Motility, and Anti-Biofilm Effects of <i>Myrothamnus flabellifolius</i> Welw. Leaves and Stem Defatted Subfractions
The formation of biofilms underscores the challenge of treating bacterial infections. The study aimed to assess the antioxidant, cytotoxicity, antibacterial, anti-motility, and anti-biofilm effects of defatted fractions from <i>Myrothamnus flabellifolius</i> (resurrection plant). Antioxi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/6/847 |
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| author | Mashilo Mash Matotoka Peter Masoko |
| author_facet | Mashilo Mash Matotoka Peter Masoko |
| author_sort | Mashilo Mash Matotoka |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The formation of biofilms underscores the challenge of treating bacterial infections. The study aimed to assess the antioxidant, cytotoxicity, antibacterial, anti-motility, and anti-biofilm effects of defatted fractions from <i>Myrothamnus flabellifolius</i> (resurrection plant). Antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH radical scavenging and hydrogen peroxide assays. Cytotoxicity was screened using a brine shrimp lethality assay. Antibacterial activity was determined using the micro-dilution and growth curve assays. Antibiofilm potential was screened using the crystal violet and tetrazolium reduction assay. Liquid–liquid extraction of crude extracts concentrated polyphenols in the ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions. Subsequently, these fractions had notable antioxidant activity and demonstrated broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against selected Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and <i>Mycobacterium smegmatis</i> (MIC values < 630 μg/mL). Growth curves showed that the bacteriostatic inhibition by the ethyl acetate fractions was through the extension of the lag phase and/or suppression of the growth rate. The sub-inhibitory concentrations of the ethyl acetate fractions inhibited the swarming motility of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> by 100% and eradicated more than 50% of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> biofilm biomass. The polyphenolic content of <i>M. flabellifolius</i> plays an important role in its antibacterial, anti-motility, and antibiofilm activity, thus offering an additional strategy to treat biofilm-associated infections. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T17:53:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-099dabe148e54d2e9951cb1f5e5d7ab0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T17:53:29Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-099dabe148e54d2e9951cb1f5e5d7ab02024-03-27T14:00:50ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472024-03-0113684710.3390/plants13060847Evaluation of the Antioxidant, Cytotoxicity, Antibacterial, Anti-Motility, and Anti-Biofilm Effects of <i>Myrothamnus flabellifolius</i> Welw. Leaves and Stem Defatted SubfractionsMashilo Mash Matotoka0Peter Masoko1Faculty of Science and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South AfricaFaculty of Science and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South AfricaThe formation of biofilms underscores the challenge of treating bacterial infections. The study aimed to assess the antioxidant, cytotoxicity, antibacterial, anti-motility, and anti-biofilm effects of defatted fractions from <i>Myrothamnus flabellifolius</i> (resurrection plant). Antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH radical scavenging and hydrogen peroxide assays. Cytotoxicity was screened using a brine shrimp lethality assay. Antibacterial activity was determined using the micro-dilution and growth curve assays. Antibiofilm potential was screened using the crystal violet and tetrazolium reduction assay. Liquid–liquid extraction of crude extracts concentrated polyphenols in the ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions. Subsequently, these fractions had notable antioxidant activity and demonstrated broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against selected Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and <i>Mycobacterium smegmatis</i> (MIC values < 630 μg/mL). Growth curves showed that the bacteriostatic inhibition by the ethyl acetate fractions was through the extension of the lag phase and/or suppression of the growth rate. The sub-inhibitory concentrations of the ethyl acetate fractions inhibited the swarming motility of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> by 100% and eradicated more than 50% of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> biofilm biomass. The polyphenolic content of <i>M. flabellifolius</i> plays an important role in its antibacterial, anti-motility, and antibiofilm activity, thus offering an additional strategy to treat biofilm-associated infections.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/6/847medicinal plantsantioxidantantibacterialanti-motilityanti-biofilm |
| spellingShingle | Mashilo Mash Matotoka Peter Masoko Evaluation of the Antioxidant, Cytotoxicity, Antibacterial, Anti-Motility, and Anti-Biofilm Effects of <i>Myrothamnus flabellifolius</i> Welw. Leaves and Stem Defatted Subfractions Plants medicinal plants antioxidant antibacterial anti-motility anti-biofilm |
| title | Evaluation of the Antioxidant, Cytotoxicity, Antibacterial, Anti-Motility, and Anti-Biofilm Effects of <i>Myrothamnus flabellifolius</i> Welw. Leaves and Stem Defatted Subfractions |
| title_full | Evaluation of the Antioxidant, Cytotoxicity, Antibacterial, Anti-Motility, and Anti-Biofilm Effects of <i>Myrothamnus flabellifolius</i> Welw. Leaves and Stem Defatted Subfractions |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of the Antioxidant, Cytotoxicity, Antibacterial, Anti-Motility, and Anti-Biofilm Effects of <i>Myrothamnus flabellifolius</i> Welw. Leaves and Stem Defatted Subfractions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of the Antioxidant, Cytotoxicity, Antibacterial, Anti-Motility, and Anti-Biofilm Effects of <i>Myrothamnus flabellifolius</i> Welw. Leaves and Stem Defatted Subfractions |
| title_short | Evaluation of the Antioxidant, Cytotoxicity, Antibacterial, Anti-Motility, and Anti-Biofilm Effects of <i>Myrothamnus flabellifolius</i> Welw. Leaves and Stem Defatted Subfractions |
| title_sort | evaluation of the antioxidant cytotoxicity antibacterial anti motility and anti biofilm effects of i myrothamnus flabellifolius i welw leaves and stem defatted subfractions |
| topic | medicinal plants antioxidant antibacterial anti-motility anti-biofilm |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/6/847 |
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