Cytokine Response Following SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Stimulation in Patients with Predominantly Antibody Deficiencies
Predominantly antibody deficiencies (PADs) are inborn disorders characterized by immune dysregulation and increased susceptibility to infections. Response to vaccination, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), may be impaired in these patients, and studies on respons...
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/5/1146 |
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| author | Zane Lucane Baiba Slisere Gita Gersone Sindija Papirte Linda Gailite Peteris Tretjakovs Natalja Kurjane |
| author_facet | Zane Lucane Baiba Slisere Gita Gersone Sindija Papirte Linda Gailite Peteris Tretjakovs Natalja Kurjane |
| author_sort | Zane Lucane |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Predominantly antibody deficiencies (PADs) are inborn disorders characterized by immune dysregulation and increased susceptibility to infections. Response to vaccination, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), may be impaired in these patients, and studies on responsiveness correlates, including cytokine signatures to antigen stimulation, are sparse. In this study, we aimed to describe the spike-specific cytokine response following whole-blood stimulation with SARS-CoV-2 spike peptides in patients with PAD (<i>n</i> = 16 with common variable immunodeficiency and <i>n</i> = 15 with selective IgA deficiency) and its relationship with the occurrence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during up to 10-month follow-up period. Spike-induced antibody and cytokine production was measured using ELISA (anti-spike IgG, IFN-γ) and xMAP technology (interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-15, IL-17A, IL-21, TNF-α, TGF-β1). No difference was found in the production of cytokines between patients with PAD and controls. Anti-spike IgG and cytokine levels did not predict contraction of COVID-19. The only cytokine that distinguished between vaccinated and naturally infected unvaccinated PAD patients was IFN-γ (median 0.64 (IQR = 1.08) in vaccinated vs. 0.10 (IQR = 0.28) in unvaccinated). This study describes the spike-specific cytokine response to SARS-CoV-2 antigens, which is not predictive of contracting COVID-19 during the follow-up. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:14:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-09a24991391945b798468a9549805e11 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:14:04Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-09a24991391945b798468a9549805e112023-11-18T03:39:39ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152023-05-01155114610.3390/v15051146Cytokine Response Following SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Stimulation in Patients with Predominantly Antibody DeficienciesZane Lucane0Baiba Slisere1Gita Gersone2Sindija Papirte3Linda Gailite4Peteris Tretjakovs5Natalja Kurjane6Department of Biology and Microbiology, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, LatviaThe Joint Laboratory, Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, LV-1002 Riga, LatviaDepartment of Human Physiology and Biochemistry, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, LatviaFaculty of Medicine, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, LatviaScientific Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, LatviaDepartment of Human Physiology and Biochemistry, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, LatviaDepartment of Biology and Microbiology, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, LatviaPredominantly antibody deficiencies (PADs) are inborn disorders characterized by immune dysregulation and increased susceptibility to infections. Response to vaccination, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), may be impaired in these patients, and studies on responsiveness correlates, including cytokine signatures to antigen stimulation, are sparse. In this study, we aimed to describe the spike-specific cytokine response following whole-blood stimulation with SARS-CoV-2 spike peptides in patients with PAD (<i>n</i> = 16 with common variable immunodeficiency and <i>n</i> = 15 with selective IgA deficiency) and its relationship with the occurrence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during up to 10-month follow-up period. Spike-induced antibody and cytokine production was measured using ELISA (anti-spike IgG, IFN-γ) and xMAP technology (interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-15, IL-17A, IL-21, TNF-α, TGF-β1). No difference was found in the production of cytokines between patients with PAD and controls. Anti-spike IgG and cytokine levels did not predict contraction of COVID-19. The only cytokine that distinguished between vaccinated and naturally infected unvaccinated PAD patients was IFN-γ (median 0.64 (IQR = 1.08) in vaccinated vs. 0.10 (IQR = 0.28) in unvaccinated). This study describes the spike-specific cytokine response to SARS-CoV-2 antigens, which is not predictive of contracting COVID-19 during the follow-up.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/5/1146antibody deficiencycommon variable immunodeficiencyselective IgA deficiencySARS-CoV-2COVID-19cytokine |
| spellingShingle | Zane Lucane Baiba Slisere Gita Gersone Sindija Papirte Linda Gailite Peteris Tretjakovs Natalja Kurjane Cytokine Response Following SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Stimulation in Patients with Predominantly Antibody Deficiencies Viruses antibody deficiency common variable immunodeficiency selective IgA deficiency SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 cytokine |
| title | Cytokine Response Following SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Stimulation in Patients with Predominantly Antibody Deficiencies |
| title_full | Cytokine Response Following SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Stimulation in Patients with Predominantly Antibody Deficiencies |
| title_fullStr | Cytokine Response Following SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Stimulation in Patients with Predominantly Antibody Deficiencies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cytokine Response Following SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Stimulation in Patients with Predominantly Antibody Deficiencies |
| title_short | Cytokine Response Following SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Stimulation in Patients with Predominantly Antibody Deficiencies |
| title_sort | cytokine response following sars cov 2 antigen stimulation in patients with predominantly antibody deficiencies |
| topic | antibody deficiency common variable immunodeficiency selective IgA deficiency SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 cytokine |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/5/1146 |
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